Machubu a Sapphire Kupititsa patsogolo Kudalirika kwa Thermocouple
Chithunzi chatsatanetsatane


Mawu Oyamba
M'makampani amakono, kuyang'anira kutentha kolondola ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwekazi ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kakenibubone kadwe KA majiranilungu likhale KACHIWANU NDI CHIWIRI LA DANIELE 119 BUKHU LOPHUNZITSIRA AKULUAKULU/MAK) Ma thermocouples - masensa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kutentha - nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta monga kutentha kwambiri, mankhwala owononga, ma vacuum systems, ndi minda ya plasma. Kuteteza masensawa moyenera ndikofunikira kuti ntchito ikhale yokhazikika. Machubu a safiro, opangidwa kuchokera ku single-crystal aluminium oxide, atsimikizira kukhala m'gulu la zida zodalirika zodzitetezera. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za mawonekedwe apadera a machubu a safiro, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kake kosiyanasiyana, komanso makamaka, magwiridwe ake apadera ngati mikanda yoteteza thermocouple.
Zinthu Zapamwamba Zofuna Kufunsira
Sapphire ndi mtundu wa crystalline wa aluminium oxide (Al₂O₃) ndipo imayikidwa pansi pa diamondi potengera kuuma kwake, ndikulemba 9 pa sikelo ya Mohs. Kulimba kwapadera kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti machubu a safiro asavutike kukanda, kuyabwa, komanso kukhudzidwa ndi makina, ngakhale atagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi kapena mwamphamvu.
Kupitilira mphamvu zamakina, machubu a safiro amayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa chokana mankhwala. Amakhalabe okhazikika komanso osasunthika pamaso pa ma asidi ambiri, zosungunulira, ndi mpweya wokhazikika, kuphatikiza hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, ndi mankhwala a sulfure. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito bwino m'njira zomwe zimaphatikizapo mankhwala aukali kapena plasma.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwa safiro kumakhala kodabwitsa. Imapirira kutentha kwanthawi yayitali mpaka 2000 ° C ndikusunga kukhulupirika kwake. Kutentha kwake kumathandizira kusuntha kwa kutentha kwachangu, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina ozindikira kutentha.
Ubwino winanso wofunikira ndikuwonekera kwake kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet, kuwoneka, ndi mafunde a infrared-kuchokera pafupifupi 0.3 μm mpaka 5 μm. Izi zimapangitsa machubu a safiro kukhala oyenera kuyang'ana maso kapena makina ophatikizika amafuta owunikira.
Thermocouples ndi Kufunika kwa Chitetezo
Ma thermocouples ndi zigawo zofunika kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana, kuchokera ku ng'anjo zachitsulo ndi injini za turbine kupita ku semiconductor reactors ndi zida zopangira mankhwala. Zidazi zimapanga mphamvu yamagetsi potengera kusiyana kwa kutentha pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri zosiyana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa kumapeto. Ngakhale ma thermocouples ali osinthasintha komanso amphamvu, kutenthedwa kwawo mwachindunji, zowononga, ndi makina ogwedeza amatha kufupikitsa moyo wawo wautumiki kapena kuwononga kulondola kwa kutentha.
Apa ndipamene machubu a safiro amayamba kugwira ntchito ngati zoteteza. Mwa kuyika thermocouple mkati mwa chubu cha safiro, sensa imasiyanitsidwa ndi malo ovuta pomwe imalola kutengera kutentha koyenera. Chotsatira chake ndi chokhalitsa, chodalirika kwambiri chomwe chimasunga kulondola kosasinthasintha ngakhale pambuyo poyang'ana kwa nthawi yaitali kuzinthu zogwira ntchito mwaukali.
Kutentha kwa Sapphire kumapangitsa kutentha kufika ku thermocouple mwachangu komanso mofanana, kuchepetsa kutentha ndikuwongolera nthawi yoyankhira. Kuwonjezera apo, kukana kwake kumenyana ndi mankhwala kumatsimikizira kuti sensayo siiphwanyidwa ndi zotsalira, zowonongeka, kapena zowonongeka-zinthu zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapweteka zitsulo kapena manja oteteza ceramic.
Gwiritsani Ntchito Milandu Pakuwunika Kutentha
M'ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri, machubu a safiro nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ma thermocouples omwe amawunika zovuta zomwe zimachitika. Kukhazikika kwawo kwamankhwala ndikofunikira mumlengalenga wodzaza ndi mpweya wa halogen, zitsulo zosungunuka, kapena nthunzi. Mwachitsanzo:
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Kupanga Semiconductor: Masamba a safiro amateteza ma thermocouples pakukula kwa epitaxial, wafer annealing, ndi doping process, komwe malo oyera komanso kuwongolera kutentha ndikofunikira.
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Chemical Reactors: M'malo ochititsa chidwi kapena malo owononga mpweya, machubu a safiro amateteza nthawi yayitali ma probes a kutentha, kuthetsa nkhawa za kuipitsidwa.
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Vuto la Vacuum: Machubu a safiro amalepheretsa makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuwonongeka kwamakina kwa ma thermocouples pamene akugwira ntchito pansi pa vacuum kapena mpweya wochepa wa inert.
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Kuyaka Systems: Ma injini a ndege, makina opangira gasi, ndi zoyatsira zamakampani nthawi zambiri zimadalira ma thermocouples otetezedwa ndi safiro kuti aziyang'anira kutentha kwakukulu kuti agwire ntchito komanso kukhathamiritsa chitetezo.
Pogwiritsa ntchito machubu a safiro, mainjiniya amatha kuyika ma thermocouples m'mikhalidwe yomwe ingakhale yowononga kwambiri pazitsulo wamba kapena magalasi. Izi zimakulitsa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe owunikira matenthedwe ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito awo nthawi yayitali.
Ntchito Zowonjezera Zamakampani a Sapphire Tubes
Ngakhale chitetezo cha thermocouple ndichofunikira kwambiri, machubu a safiro amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo wina wapamwamba kwambiri:
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Nyali za High Intensity Discharge (HID).: Monga zipangizo za envulopu, machubu a safiro amapirira kutentha kwakukulu ndi kuwala kwa UV / IR popanda mitambo kapena kufewetsa.
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Zipinda za Plasma Etching: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonera komanso zotengera zotengera chifukwa chakukana kukokoloka kwawo.
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Inline Optical Sensing: Yambitsani spectroscopy, kujambula, ndi diagnostics laser kudzera mapaipi ndondomeko popanda kuipitsa sing'anga.
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Chithandizo cha Madzi ndi Zida Zamankhwala: Chifukwa cha bio-inertness ndi kukana kwa mankhwala, machubu a safiro ndi abwino kwa machitidwe omwe amafunikira kusabereka komanso kusachitanso.
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Laser Delivery Systems: Machubu a safiro amawongolera matabwa amphamvu kwambiri okhala ndi kutayika kochepa komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta ambiri.
Mapulogalamuwa amapindula ndi zinthu zazikuluzikulu za safiro - kusagwira bwino ntchito kwamankhwala, kumveka bwino, kulimba kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta - m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga zakuthambo, zaumoyo, mankhwala a petrochemical, ndi zamagetsi.
Zofunika Zakuthupi Zamachubu a Sapphire
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Transparency Range: 0.3–5.0 μm (UV mpaka IR), yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi, laser, ndi spectroscopic
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Kuuma: Mohs 9-yosagwirizana ndi abrasion ndi kuwonongeka kwa pamwamba
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Thermal Resistance: Wokhazikika mpaka 2030 ° C, wokhala ndi ma conductivity apamwamba akusinthana kutentha mwachangu
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Chemical Durability: Simalowerera ku zosungunulira zambiri, ma asidi, ndi ma alkalis
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Magetsi Insulation: Kutayika kwa dielectric kosasunthika komanso kuchepa kwa dielectric
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Dimensional Kukhazikika: Kugonjetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha ndi kusinthika pansi pa kupanikizika
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Kukaniza kwa Plasma: Zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda yamphamvu kwambiri monga PECVD kapena ion implantation
Chidule ndi Ubwino wa Thermocouple Systems
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Machubu a safiro amabweretsa kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana komwe kumawapangitsa kukhala abwinochitetezo cha thermocouple:
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Kulondola Kwambiri: High matenthedwe madutsidwe kumathandiza kuyankha mofulumira
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Kukhalitsa Kutalikira: Kukana kuvala ndi dzimbiri kumateteza masensa kwa nthawi yayitali
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Magwiridwe Okhazikika: Imasunga umphumphu wamakina ngakhale pakatundu wotentha panjinga
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Zosayipitsa: Malo opanda khemikali amachepetsa magwero olakwika
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Multifunctional Kutha: Imathandiza kuphatikizika kwa kuwala kwa kuwala ndi kuyang'anira kutentha
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Mapeto
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Ma thermocouples ali pamtima pa machitidwe oteteza kutentha, ndipo kudalirika kwawo kumadalira kwambiri ubwino wa nyumba zawo zotetezera. Machubu a safiro, chifukwa cha zinthu zake zodabwitsa, amapereka njira yabwino kwambiri yothanirana ndi kutentha, chitetezo chamakina, komanso kuyeretsa kwamankhwala. Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kufuna kulondola kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa makina otentha, safiro-protected thermocouples akukhala yankho lofunika kwambiri kuti akwaniritse zomwe akuyembekezera.