Mu 1965, woyambitsa nawo Intel Gordon Moore adafotokoza zomwe zidakhala "Lamulo la Moore." Kwa zaka zopitirira theka la zaka zakhala zikuthandizira kupindula kosalekeza mu ntchito ya Integrated-circuit (IC) ndi kutsika kwa mtengo - maziko a luso lamakono lamakono. Mwachidule: chiwerengero cha transistors pa chip pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
Kwa zaka zambiri, kupita patsogolo kunkatsatira cadence imeneyo. Tsopano chithunzi chikusintha. Kuchulukira kwina kwakhala kovuta; Kukula kwa mawonekedwe kumatsika mpaka ma nanometer ochepa. Mainjiniya akukumana ndi malire akuthupi, masitepe ovuta kwambiri, komanso kukwera mtengo. Ma geometries ang'onoang'ono amachepetsanso zokolola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga kwakukulu kumakhala kovuta. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yapamwamba kwambiri kumafuna ndalama zambiri komanso ukadaulo. Chifukwa chake ambiri amatsutsa Lamulo la Moore likutaya mphamvu.
Kusintha kumeneku kwatsegula chitseko cha njira yatsopano: chipsets.
Chiplet ndi kakufa kakang'ono kamene kamagwira ntchito inayake - makamaka kagawo kakang'ono kamene kanali kachipangizo kamodzi kokha. Mwa kuphatikiza ma chipset angapo mu phukusi limodzi, opanga amatha kusonkhanitsa dongosolo lathunthu.
Mu nthawi ya monolithic, ntchito zonse zinkakhala pa imfa imodzi yaikulu, kotero kuti chilema paliponse chikhoza kuchotsa chip chonse. Ndi ma chipset, machitidwe amamangidwa kuchokera ku "kufa kodziwika bwino" (KGD), kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri zokolola ndi kupanga bwino.
Kuphatikizika kosiyanasiyana-kuphatikiza kufa komwe kumamangidwa pamagawo osiyanasiyana azinthu komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana-kumapangitsa kuti ma chipset akhale amphamvu kwambiri. Ma midadada ochita bwino kwambiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito ma node aposachedwa, pomwe mabwalo okumbukira ndi ma analogi amakhalabe pamatekinoloje okhwima, otsika mtengo. Zotsatira zake: magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pamtengo wotsika.
Makampani opanga magalimoto ali ndi chidwi kwambiri. Opanga magalimoto akuluakulu akugwiritsa ntchito njirazi kuti apange ma SoCs am'tsogolo m'magalimoto, ndikutengera anthu ambiri pambuyo pa 2030. Ma Chiplets amawalola kuti azitha kukulitsa AI ndi zojambulajambula bwino pomwe akuwongolera zokolola - kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a semiconductors zamagalimoto.
Zida zina zamagalimoto ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba yachitetezo ndikudalira ma node akale, otsimikiziridwa. Pakadali pano, machitidwe amakono monga Advanced driver-assistance (ADAS) ndi software-defined vehicles (SDVs) amafuna compute yochulukirapo. Ma Chiplets amatchinga kusiyana kumeneku: pophatikiza ma microcontrollers amtundu wa chitetezo, kukumbukira kwakukulu, ndi ma accelerator amphamvu a AI, opanga amatha kukonza ma SoCs malinga ndi zosowa za automaker aliyense - mwachangu.
Ubwinowu umapitilira kupitilira magalimoto. Zomangamanga za Chiplet zikufalikira ku AI, telecom, ndi madera ena, kufulumizitsa luso lazopangapanga m'mafakitale ambiri ndikukhala mzati wamsewu wa semiconductor.
Kuphatikizika kwa Chiplet kumadalira kulumikizana kophatikizika, kothamanga kwambiri kufa mpaka kufa. Chothandizira chachikulu ndi chophatikizira-chosanjikiza chapakati, nthawi zambiri silicon, pansi pa mafelemu omwe amalumikizana ndi mawonekedwe ngati kabokosi kakang'ono. Othandizira bwino amatanthawuza kulumikizana kolimba komanso kusinthanitsa ma siginecha mwachangu.
Kupaka kwapamwamba kumathandizanso kupereka mphamvu. Kulumikizana kwazitsulo ting'onoting'ono pakati pa ma dies kumapereka njira zokwanira zamakono komanso deta ngakhale m'malo olimba, zomwe zimathandiza kusamutsidwa kwamtundu wapamwamba pamene mukugwiritsa ntchito bwino malo ochepa.
Njira yodziwika masiku ano ndi kuphatikiza kwa 2.5D: kuyika mafa angapo mbali ndi mbali pa cholumikizira. Kudumpha kotsatira ndikuphatikiza kwa 3D, komwe ma stacks amafa pompopompo pogwiritsa ntchito ma-silicon vias (TSVs) pakuchulukira kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza ma modular chip design (kulekanitsa ntchito ndi mitundu yozungulira) ndi 3D stacking zokolola mwachangu, zing'onozing'ono, zogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi. Kuphatikiza kukumbukira ndi kuwerengera kumapereka bandwidth yayikulu kumaseti akulu akulu-oyenera kwa AI ndi ntchito zina zogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Kudulira molunjika, komabe, kumabweretsa zovuta. Kutentha kumachulukana mosavuta, kusokoneza kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe ndi zokolola. Kuti athane ndi izi, ofufuza akupititsa patsogolo njira zatsopano zoyikamo kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zamafuta. Ngakhale zili choncho, mphamvu ndi yolimba: kugwirizanitsa kwa ma chipset ndi kuphatikiza kwa 3D kumawonedwa mofala ngati njira yosokoneza-yokonzeka kunyamula nyali kumene Chilamulo cha Moore chimachoka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-15-2025