safiro ndi krustalo limodzi la aluminiyamu, ndi wa tripartite kristalo dongosolo, hexagonal dongosolo, mawonekedwe ake galasi wapangidwa maatomu atatu mpweya ndi maatomu awiri zotayidwa mu covalent chomangira mtundu, anakonza kwambiri, ndi amphamvu chomangira unyolo ndi latisi mphamvu, pamene galasi mkati mwake pafupifupi palibe zosafunika kapena zolakwika, ndi transparesibility mkulu khalidwe kutchinjiriza, ndi transparesibility wabwino ndi kutchinjiriza magetsi. makhalidwe. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zenera la kuwala komanso zida zapamwamba zapansipansi. Komabe, mawonekedwe a mamolekyu a safiro ndi ovuta ndipo pali anisotropy, ndipo momwe zimakhudzira thupi lofananira ndizosiyana kwambiri pokonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za kristalo, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kumasiyananso. Nthawi zambiri, magawo a safiro amapezeka munjira za C, R, A ndi M.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaChophika cha safiro cha C-ndege
Gallium nitride (GaN) ngati semiconductor yamtundu wachitatu wa bandgap, ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa bandi, chomangira champhamvu cha atomiki, matenthedwe apamwamba, kukhazikika kwamankhwala abwino (pafupifupi osaonongeka ndi asidi aliwonse) komanso kutha kwamphamvu kwa anti-radiation, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chochuluka pakugwiritsa ntchito ma optoelectronics, zida zotentha kwambiri ndi ma microwave ndi zida zamagetsi zamagetsi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa GaN, n'zovuta kupeza zipangizo zazikulu za kristalo imodzi, kotero njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kuchita kukula kwa heteroepitaxy pazigawo zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba za zipangizo zapansi.
Poyerekeza ndisafiro gawo lapansindi nkhope zina za kristalo, kusagwirizana kosalekeza kosalekeza pakati pa C-ndege (<0001> orientation) chowotcha cha safiro ndi mafilimu omwe amaikidwa m'magulu Ⅲ-Ⅴ ndi Ⅱ-Ⅵ (monga GaN) ndi ochepa, ndipo kusagwirizana kosalekeza kosalekeza pakati pa awiriwo ndiMafilimu a AlNzomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati buffer wosanjikiza ndizocheperako, ndipo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za kukana kutentha kwambiri munjira ya GaN crystallization. Choncho, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo la kukula kwa GaN, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zoyera / zabuluu / zobiriwira, ma laser diode, ma infrared detectors ndi zina zotero.
Ndikoyenera kunena kuti filimu ya GaN yokulirapo pa gawo lapansi la safiro la C-ndege imakula motsatira polar axis, ndiko kuti, malangizo a C-axis, omwe sali okhwima kukula ndi ndondomeko ya epitaxy, mtengo wotsika mtengo, katundu wokhazikika wa thupi ndi mankhwala, komanso kukonza bwino ntchito. Ma atomu a safiro opangidwa ndi C-oriented amalumikizidwa mu dongosolo la O-al-al-o-al-O, pomwe makhiristo a safiro olunjika ku M ndi A amalumikizidwa mu al-O-al-O. Chifukwa Al-Al ali ndi mphamvu zomangira zochepa komanso zomangika zofooka kuposa Al-O, poyerekeza ndi miyala ya safiro yolunjika ku M ndi A, The processing of C-sapphire makamaka kutsegula makiyi a Al-Al, omwe ndi osavuta kukonza, ndipo amatha kupeza khalidwe lapamwamba lapamwamba, ndiyeno kupeza bwino gallium nitride epitaxial quality, yomwe ingathe kupititsa patsogolo kuwala koyera / kwabuluu kwa LED. Kumbali inayi, mafilimu omwe amakula motsatira C-axis amakhala ndi zotsatira zodzidzimutsa komanso za piezoelectric polarization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magetsi amphamvu mkati mwa mafilimu (yogwira wosanjikiza quantum Wells), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwala kwa mafilimu a GaN.
A-ndege safiro mtandantchito
Chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, makamaka ma transmittance abwino kwambiri, safiro single crystal imatha kupititsa patsogolo kulowera kwa infrared, ndikukhala mawindo abwino apakati a infrared, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zankhondo. Kumene safiro ndi polar ndege (C ndege) mu njira yachibadwa ya nkhope, si polar pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, khalidwe la safiro la safiro la A-oriented ndi labwino kuposa la C-oriented crystal, losasunthika pang'ono, kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka Mosaic komanso mawonekedwe a kristalo, kotero imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotumizira kuwala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha njira ya Al-O-Al-O yogwirizanitsa atomiki pa ndege A, kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa safiro wa A-oriented ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a safiro a C-oriented. Chifukwa chake, tchipisi ta A-directional chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamawindo; Komanso, A safiro ali yunifolomu dielectric mosalekeza ndi mkulu kutchinjiriza katundu, kotero angagwiritsidwe ntchito hybrid microelectronics luso, komanso kukula kwa okonda zapamwamba, monga ntchito TlBaCaCuO (TbBaCaCuO), Tl-2212, kukula kwa heterogeneous epitaxial superconducting mafilimu pa cepphire oksidi sapphire O2osite substrate. Komabe, komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizira Al-O, ndizovuta kwambiri kukonza.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaR / M ndege yamtengo wapatali ya safiro
Ndege ya R ndi malo osakhala a polar a safiro, kotero kusintha kwa malo a R-ndege mu chipangizo cha safiro kumapereka mawotchi osiyanasiyana, kutentha, magetsi, ndi kuwala. Nthawi zambiri, gawo lapansi la safiro la R-surface limakonda kuyika silicon, makamaka ngati semiconductor, microwave ndi microelectronics Integrated circuit application, popanga kutsogolera, zigawo zina za superconducting, resistors high resistance, gallium arsenide ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pa kukula kwa gawo la R-mtundu. Pakalipano, ndi kutchuka kwa mafoni a m'manja ndi makompyuta a piritsi, gawo la R-face safire lalowa m'malo mwa zipangizo zamakono za SAW zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafoni anzeru ndi makompyuta apakompyuta, zomwe zimapereka gawo laling'ono la zipangizo zomwe zingathe kusintha ntchito.
Ngati pali kuphwanya, kukhudzana kufufuta
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-16-2024