Kodi palinso kusiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito zowotcha za safiro zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a kristalo?

Sapphire ndi kristalo limodzi la alumina, ndi gawo la tripartite crystal system, hexagonal structure, crystal yake imapangidwa ndi maatomu atatu a okosijeni ndi ma atomu awiri a aluminiyamu mumtundu wa covalent bond, wokonzedwa bwino kwambiri, ndi unyolo wamphamvu womangira ndi mphamvu ya lattice, pamene kristalo mkati pafupifupi palibe zosafunika kapena chilema, choncho ali kwambiri kutchinjiriza magetsi, mandala, wabwino matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi makhalidwe mkulu rigidity. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zenera lowoneka bwino komanso zida zapamwamba zogwirira ntchito. Komabe, mawonekedwe a mamolekyu a safiro ndi ovuta ndipo pali anisotropy, ndipo momwe zimakhudzira thupi lofananira ndizosiyana kwambiri pokonza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana za kristalo, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito kumasiyananso. Nthawi zambiri, magawo a safiro amapezeka munjira za C, R, A ndi M.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaChophika cha safiro cha C-ndege

Gallium nitride (GaN) ngati semiconductor ya m'badwo wachitatu, ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa bandi, chomangira champhamvu cha atomiki, kukhathamiritsa kwamafuta, kukhazikika kwamankhwala (pafupifupi kosavunda ndi asidi aliwonse) komanso kutha kwamphamvu koletsa kuyatsa, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu kugwiritsa ntchito ma optoelectronics, kutentha kwambiri ndi zida zamagetsi ndi zida zama microwave othamanga kwambiri. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwakukulu kwa GaN, n'zovuta kupeza zipangizo zazikulu za kristalo imodzi, kotero njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kuchita kukula kwa heteroepitaxy pazigawo zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zapamwamba za zipangizo zapansi.

Poyerekeza ndisafiro gawo lapansindi nkhope zina za kristalo, kusagwirizana kosalekeza kosalekeza pakati pa C-ndege (<0001> orientation) chowotcha cha safiro ndi mafilimu omwe amaikidwa m'magulu Ⅲ-Ⅴ ndi Ⅱ-Ⅵ (monga GaN) ndi ochepa, ndipo lattice imasiyana nthawi zonse. mtengo pakati pa awiri ndi aMafilimu a AlNzomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati buffer wosanjikiza ndizocheperako, ndipo zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za kukana kutentha kwambiri munjira ya GaN crystallization. Choncho, ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo la kukula kwa GaN, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zoyera / zabuluu / zobiriwira, ma laser diode, ma infrared detectors ndi zina zotero.

Ndikoyenera kutchula kuti filimu ya GaN yomwe imakula pa gawo lapansi la safiro la C-ndege imakula motsatira polar axis, ndiko kuti, kutsogolera kwa C-axis, yomwe si njira ya kukula ndi epitaxy, yotsika mtengo, yokhazikika ya thupi. ndi katundu mankhwala, komanso bwino processing ntchito. Ma atomu a safiro opangidwa ndi C-oriented amalumikizidwa mu dongosolo la O-al-al-o-al-O, pomwe makhiristo a safiro olunjika ku M ndi A amalumikizidwa mu al-O-al-O. Chifukwa Al-Al ali ndi mphamvu zomangira zochepa komanso zomangira zofooka kuposa Al-O, poyerekeza ndi miyala ya safiro ya M-oriented ndi A-oriented, The processing of C-sapphire makamaka kutsegula Al-Al key, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuikonza. , ndipo amatha kupeza mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri, ndiyeno kupeza bwino kwambiri gallium nitride epitaxial quality, yomwe imatha kupititsa patsogolo kuwala kwapamwamba kwambiri koyera / buluu LED. Kumbali inayi, mafilimu omwe amakula motsatira C-axis amakhala ndi zotsatira zodzidzimutsa komanso za piezoelectric polarization, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale magetsi amphamvu mkati mwa mafilimu (yogwira wosanjikiza quantum Wells), zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kuwala kwa mafilimu a GaN.

A-ndege safiro mtandantchito

Chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri, makamaka ma transmittance abwino kwambiri, safiro single crystal imatha kupititsa patsogolo kulowera kwa infrared, ndikukhala mawindo abwino apakati a infrared, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zankhondo. Kumene safiro ndi polar ndege (C ndege) mu njira yachibadwa ya nkhope, si polar pamwamba. Kawirikawiri, khalidwe la safiro la safiro la A-oriented ndi labwino kuposa la C-oriented crystal, losasunthika pang'ono, kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka Mosaic komanso mawonekedwe a kristalo, kotero imakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yotumizira kuwala. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha njira ya Al-O-Al-O yogwirizanitsa atomiki pa ndege A, kuuma ndi kuvala kukana kwa safiro wa A-oriented ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa a safiro a C-oriented. Chifukwa chake, tchipisi ta A-directional chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zamawindo; Komanso, A safiro ali yunifolomu dielectric zonse ndi mkulu kutchinjiriza katundu, choncho chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa hybrid microelectronics luso, komanso kukula kwa okonda wapamwamba, monga ntchito TlBaCaCuO (TbBaCaCuO), Tl-2212, kukula. Makanema a heterogeneous epitaxial superconducting pa cerium oxide (CeO2) sapphire composite substrate. Komabe, komanso chifukwa cha mphamvu yayikulu yolumikizira Al-O, ndizovuta kwambiri kukonza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwaR / M ndege yamtengo wapatali ya safiro

Ndege ya R ndi malo osakhala a polar a safiro, kotero kusintha kwa malo a R-ndege mu chipangizo cha safiro kumapereka mawotchi osiyanasiyana, kutentha, magetsi, ndi kuwala. Nthawi zambiri, gawo lapansi la safiro la R-surface limasankhidwa kuti likhale la silicon, makamaka ngati semiconductor, microwave ndi microelectronics Integrated circuit application, popanga kutsogolera, zigawo zina za superconducting, resistors high resistance, gallium arsenide ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa R- mtundu gawo lapansi kukula. Pakalipano, ndi kutchuka kwa mafoni a m'manja ndi makompyuta a piritsi, gawo la R-face safire lalowa m'malo mwa zipangizo zamakono za SAW zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mafoni anzeru ndi makompyuta apakompyuta, zomwe zimapereka gawo laling'ono la zipangizo zomwe zingathe kusintha ntchito.

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