Ma Ingots a LiNbO₃Opangidwa ndi Mg 45°Z-Cut 64°Y-Cut Orientation a 5G/6G Communication Systems

Kufotokozera Kwachidule:

LiNbO3 Ingot (Lithium Niobate Crystal Ingot) ndi chinthu chamtengo wapatali muukadaulo wapamwamba wa optoelectronics ndi quantum, chodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ma coefficients ake apadera a electro-optic (γ₃₃= 30.9 pm/V), mawonekedwe ake owonekera bwino (400–5,200 nm), komanso kutentha kwapamwamba kwa Curie (1210°C). Mosiyana ndi zida zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi silicon, ma ingot a LiNbO3 amathandizira kukonza ma signal pafupipafupi komanso kupanga ma waveguide akuluakulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri pa kulumikizana kwa 5G/6G, quantum photonics, ndi kuzindikira mafakitale. Kupita patsogolo kwaposachedwa mu kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana (monga ma wafers okhala ndi Si-based composite) ndi kuchepetsa zolakwika (monga, Mg doping) kwakulitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake m'malo ovuta kwambiri, monga masensa otentha kwambiri (>400°C) ndi machitidwe amlengalenga olimba ndi radiation.

Tumizani imelo kwa ife

Mawonekedwe

Magawo aukadaulo

Kapangidwe ka kristalo	Hexagonal
Chokhazikika cha lattice	a = 5.154 Å c = 13.783 Å
Mp	1650 o C
Kuchulukana	7.45 g / cm3
Kutentha kwa Curie	610 o C
Kuuma	5.5 - 6 Mohs
Kuchuluka kwa kutentha	aa = 1.61 x 10 -6 / k ac = 4.1 x 10 -6 / k
Kusakhazikika	1015 Wm
Chilolezo	es11 / e0: 39 ~ 43 es33 / e0: 42 ~ 43 et11 / e0: 51 ~ 54 et11 / e0: 43 ~ 46
Mtundu	Wopanda utoto
Kudzera m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya	0.4 ~ 5.0 um
Mndandanda wa kukana	palibe = 2.176 ne = 2.180 @ 633 nm

Makhalidwe Abwino Aukadaulo

LiNbO3 Ingot ili ndi zinthu zambiri zabwino:

1. Magwiridwe antchito a Electro-Optic:

Koefficient Yapamwamba Yopanda Linear: d₃₃= 34.4 pm/V, zomwe zimathandiza kupanga bwino kwachiwiri kwa harmonic (SHG) ndi optical parametric oscillation (OPO) pa magwero a infrared osinthika.

Kutumiza kwa Broadband: Kuchepa kwa kuyamwa kwa ma spectrum owoneka (α < 0.1 dB/cm pa 1550 nm), kofunikira kwambiri pa ma amplifiers a C-band optical ndi kusintha kwa ma frequency a quantum.

2. Kulimba kwa Makina ndi Kutentha:

Kuwonjezeka kwa Kutentha Kochepa: CTE = 14.4×10⁻⁶/K (a-axis), kuonetsetsa kuti ikugwirizana ndi zinthu za silicon m'mabwalo osakanikirana a photonic.

Yankho Lalikulu la Piezoelectric: g₃₃> 20 mV/m, yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera za surface acoustic wave (SAW) mu makina a 5G mmWave.

3. Kulamulira Zilema:

Kuchuluka kwa Micropipe: <0.1 cm⁻² (ma ingot a mainchesi 8), otsimikiziridwa kudzera mu synchrotron X-ray diffraction.

Kukana kwa Radiation: Kusokonezeka kochepa kwa lattice pansi pa 100 kV/cm magetsi, komwe kwatsimikiziridwa mu mayeso a mlengalenga.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru

LiNbO3 Ingot imayendetsa luso lamakono m'magawo amakono:

1. Mafotoniki a Quantum:

Magwero a Single-Photon: Pogwiritsa ntchito nonlinear down-conversion, LiNbO3 imalola kupanga enclosed photon pair kwa machitidwe a quantum key distribution (QKD).

Kukumbukira kwa Quantum: Kuphatikiza ndi ulusi wopangidwa ndi Er³⁺kumapangitsa kuti malo osungira azikhala bwino ndi 30% pa 1530 nm, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa maukonde a quantum akutali.

2. Machitidwe a Optoelectronic:

Ma Modulators Othamanga Kwambiri: X-cut LiNbO3 imakwaniritsa bandwidth ya 40 GHz yokhala ndi kutayika kwa <1 dB, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti LiTaO3 igwire bwino ntchito kuposa ma transceivers a 400G.

Kubwerezabwereza kwa Laser: LiNbO3 yokhala ndi Mg (6% threshold) imachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa photorefractive, zomwe zimathandiza kusintha kokhazikika kwa 1064 nm → 532 nm mu machitidwe a LiDAR.

3. Kuzindikira Zamakampani:

Masensa Opanikizika Kwambiri: Amagwira ntchito mosalekeza pa 600°C, pogwiritsa ntchito piezoelectric resonance poyang'anira mapaipi a mafuta/gasi.

Ma Transformers Amakono: Kugwiritsira ntchito Fe/Mg pamodzi kumawonjezera mphamvu (0.1% FS) mu mapulogalamu anzeru a gridi.

Ntchito ndi Mayankho a XKH

Ntchito zathu za LiNbO3 Ingot zapangidwa kuti zizitha kukula komanso kulondola:

1. Kupanga Mwamakonda:

Zosankha za Kukula: Zingwe za mainchesi 3–8 zokhala ndi mawonekedwe a X/Y/Z ndi 42°Y-cut geometries, ±0.01° angular tolerance.

Kuwongolera Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Ochepetsa Mphamvu: Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa mphamvu ya Fe/Mg pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Czochralski (kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya 10¹⁶–10¹⁹ cm⁻³) kuti muwonjezere kukana kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa.

2. Kukonza Kwapamwamba:

Kuphatikiza Kosiyanasiyana: Ma wafer a Si-LN (okhuthala 300–600 nm) okhala ndi kutentha kopitilira 8.78 W/m·K kwa zosefera za SAW zama frequency apamwamba.

Kupanga Ma Waveguide: Njira zosinthira ma Proton (PE) ndi reverse proton exchange (RPE) zimapereka ma submicron waveguide (Δn >0.7) a ma electro-optic modulators a 40 GHz.

3. Chitsimikizo cha Ubwino:

Kuyesa Komaliza: Raman spectroscopy (kutsimikizira kwa polytype), XRD (crystallinity), ndi AFM (mawonekedwe a pamwamba) zimatsimikiza kuti zikutsatira MIL-PRF-4520J ndi JEDEC-033.

Zinthu Zapadziko Lonse: Kutumiza katundu motsatira kutentha (± 0.5°C) ndi kutumiza katundu mwadzidzidzi kwa maola 48 ku Asia-Pacific, Europe, ndi North America.

Ubwino Wopikisana

1. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera: Ma ingot a mainchesi 8 amachepetsa zinyalala za zinthu ndi 30% poyerekeza ndi njira zina za mainchesi 4, zomwe zimachepetsa mtengo wa pa unit ndi 18%.

2. Ziwerengero za Magwiridwe Antchito:

Bandwidth ya SAW Filter: >1.28 GHz (motsutsana ndi 0.8 GHz ya LiTaO3), yofunika kwambiri pa magulu a 5G mmWave.

Kuyenda pa Kutentha: Kupulumuka pa -200–500°C ndi <0.05% warpage, yotsimikiziridwa mu mayeso a LiDAR yamagalimoto.

1. Kukhazikika: Njira zobwezeretsanso madzi zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi 40% ndipo mphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 25%.

Mapeto

LiNbO3 Ingot ikadali chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa ma optoelectronics a m'badwo wotsatira, kuphatikiza magwiridwe antchito a electro-optic osayerekezeka komanso kudalirika kwa mafakitale. Kuyambira pa quantum computing mpaka kulumikizana kwa 6G, kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuthekera kwake kufalikira kumayiyika ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chothandizira ukadaulo wamtsogolo. Gwirizanani nafe ntchito kuti mugwiritse ntchito njira zamakono zopangira mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuchepetsa zolakwika, komanso njira zosiyanasiyana zolumikizirana zomwe zimagwirizana ndi zosowa zanu.