Chitoliro cha Sapphire Chopukutidwa Chokhala ndi Chowunikira ndi Chomangira

Chubu cha safiro chopukutidwa ndi chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri chopangidwa ndi monocrystalline aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). Kudzera mu kukula kwa kristalo kwapamwamba komanso kupukuta kolondola kwa magawo ambiri, chimapereka kuphatikiza kwa kuwala, kulimba kwa makina, komanso kupirira kutentha komwe zinthu zochepa zingagwirizane nako. Malo osalala kwambiri pamakoma amkati ndi akunja amalola kutumiza kuwala kwabwino komanso kuipitsidwa kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti machubu a safiro akhale ofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kuwala, semiconductor, analytical, ndi mafakitale.