M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zida zamagetsi monga mafoni a m'manja ndi ma smartwatches zakhala mabwenzi ofunikira. Zidazi zikuchulukirachulukira koma zamphamvu kwambiri. Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chisinthiko chawo chisasinthe? Yankho liri mu zipangizo za semiconductor, ndipo lero, timayang'ana pa chimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri pakati pawo - kristalo wa safiro.
Mwala wa safiro, womwe umapangidwa makamaka ndi α-Al₂O₃, uli ndi maatomu atatu okosijeni ndi maatomu awiri a aluminiyamu olumikizana mwamphamvu, kupanga mawonekedwe a hexagonal latice. Ngakhale amafanana ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya safiro, makhiristo a safiro a mafakitale amagogomezera magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Chemical inert, imakhala yosasungunuka m'madzi ndipo imalimbana ndi ma acid ndi alkalis, imakhala ngati "chishango chamankhwala" chomwe chimasunga bata m'malo ovuta. Kuonjezera apo, imawonetsa kuwala kwabwino kwambiri, kulola kufalitsa kuwala koyenera; mphamvu matenthedwe madutsidwe, kupewa kutenthedwa; ndi kutchinjiriza kwapadera kwamagetsi, kuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwazizindikiro kokhazikika popanda kutayikira. Mwachimake, safiro imadzitamandira ndi kuuma kwa Mohs 9, yachiwiri kwa diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosatha komanso yosakokoloka-yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito movutikira.
Chinsinsi Chida Chopanga Chip
(1) Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri za Chips Zochepa Mphamvu
Monga momwe zamagetsi zimasinthira ku miniaturization komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, tchipisi tochepa mphamvu zakhala zovuta. Tchipisi zachikale zimavutika ndi kuwonongeka kwa insulation pa makulidwe a nanoscale, zomwe zimatsogolera kutayikira kwapano, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimasokoneza kukhazikika komanso moyo wautali.
Ofufuza ku Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, adapanga zowotcha za safiro zopangira ma dielectric pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wazitsulo wolumikizana ndi okosijeni, kutembenuza aluminiyumu yakristalo imodzi kukhala aluminiyamu imodzi yakristalo (safiro). Pa makulidwe a 1 nm, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kutayikira kopitilira muyeso, kupitilira ma dielectric wamba amorphous ndi maulalo awiri a ukulu pakuchepetsa kachulukidwe kaboma ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi ma semiconductors a 2D. Kuphatikiza izi ndi zida za 2D kumathandizira tchipisi tamagetsi otsika, kumakulitsa kwambiri moyo wa batri m'mafoni a m'manja ndikukulitsa bata mu mapulogalamu a AI ndi IoT.
(2) The Perfect Partner wa Gallium Nitride (GaN)
M'munda wa semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) yatuluka ngati nyenyezi yonyezimira chifukwa cha zabwino zake zapadera. Monga ma semiconductor okhala ndi bandgap ya 3.4 eV-okulirapo kwambiri kuposa silicon's 1.1 eV-GaN imapambana pakutentha kwambiri, kutsika kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi. Kuyenda kwake kwa ma elekitironi okwera kwambiri komanso mphamvu yakuwonongeka kwamunda kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri, zotentha kwambiri, zothamanga kwambiri komanso zowala kwambiri. Mumagetsi amagetsi, zida zochokera ku GaN zimagwira ntchito pamafuriji apamwamba kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pakusintha mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu. M'mayankhulidwe a microwave, GaN imathandizira mphamvu zamphamvu, zigawo zothamanga kwambiri monga zokulitsa mphamvu za 5G, kupititsa patsogolo kayendedwe ka mauthenga ndi kukhazikika.
Sapphire crystal imatengedwa ngati "mnzako wangwiro" wa GaN. Ngakhale kuti lattice yosagwirizana ndi GaN ndi yapamwamba kuposa ya silicon carbide (SiC), magawo a safiro amasonyeza kutsika kwa kutentha kwapakati pa GaN epitaxy, kupereka maziko olimba a kukula kwa GaN. Kuphatikiza apo, matenthedwe abwino kwambiri a safiro komanso kuwonekera kwa kuwala kumathandizira kuti kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono pazida zamphamvu za GaN, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito akhazikika komanso kutulutsa kokwanira bwino kwa kuwala. Makhalidwe ake apamwamba otchinjiriza magetsi amachepetsanso kusokoneza kwa ma signal ndi kutaya mphamvu. Kuphatikizana kwa safiro ndi GaN kwachititsa kuti pakhale zipangizo zamakono zogwirira ntchito, kuphatikizapo ma LED opangidwa ndi GaN, omwe amalamulira misika yowunikira ndikuwonetsa-kuchokera ku mababu a LED a m'nyumba kupita ku ziwonetsero zazikulu zakunja-komanso ma laser diode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyankhulana ndi kuwala kwa laser.
Chophika cha XKH cha GaN-on-sapphire
Kukulitsa Malire a Mapulogalamu a Semiconductor
(1) "Chishango" mu Ntchito Zankhondo ndi Zamlengalenga
Zida zogwiritsira ntchito zankhondo ndi zamlengalenga nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito movutikira. M'mlengalenga, zamlengalenga zimapirira kutentha kwa pafupifupi ziro, kutentha kwambiri kwa cosmic, ndi zovuta za malo opanda kanthu. Ndege zankhondo, panthawiyi, zimayang'anizana ndi kutentha kwa pamwamba kupitirira 1,000 ° C chifukwa cha kutentha kwa aerodynamic panthawi yothamanga kwambiri, pamodzi ndi katundu wambiri wamakina ndi kusokoneza maginito amagetsi.
Zapadera za safiro crystal zimapangitsa kukhala chinthu choyenera pazinthu zofunikira m'magawo awa. Kukana kwake kwapadera kwa kutentha kwakukulu-kupirira mpaka 2,045 ° C ndikusunga umphumphu wapangidwe - kumatsimikizira ntchito yodalirika pansi pa kupsinjika kwa kutentha. Kuuma kwake kwa radiation kumatetezanso magwiridwe antchito m'malo ozungulira komanso nyukiliya, kuteteza bwino zida zamagetsi. Izi zapangitsa kuti safiro azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mawindo otsika kwambiri a infrared (IR). M'makina owongolera mizinga, mazenera a IR ayenera kukhala omveka bwino pakutentha kwambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kuti awonetsetse kuti chandamale chazindikirika. Mawindo a IR opangidwa ndi safiro amaphatikiza kukhazikika kwamafuta ambiri ndi ma transmittance apamwamba a IR, kuwongolera kuwongolera bwino kwambiri. M'mlengalenga, safiro imateteza makina owoneka bwino a satelayiti, zomwe zimapangitsa kujambulidwa momveka bwino m'malo ovuta.
XKH ndimawindo owoneka bwino a safiro
(2) Maziko Atsopano a Superconductors ndi Microelectronics
Mu superconductivity, safiro imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamakanema owonda kwambiri, omwe amathandizira kuti ziro-resistance conduction-kusintha kutumizirana magesi, masitima apamtunda a maglev, ndi machitidwe a MRI. Makanema apamwamba kwambiri ochita bwino kwambiri amafunikira magawo okhala ndi zida zokhazikika, komanso kuyanjana kwa safiro ndi zinthu monga magnesium diboride (MgB₂) kumathandizira kukula kwa makanema okhala ndi kachulukidwe kakakulu kofunikira komanso mphamvu yamaginito. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito mafilimu opangidwa ndi safiro opangidwa ndi safiro amawongolera kwambiri kufalitsa mwa kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu.
Mu ma microelectronics, ma substrates a safiro okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a crystallographic-monga R-ndege (<1-102>) ndi A-ndege (<11-20>) -amathandizira zigawo zosakanikirana za silicon epitaxial za mabwalo apamwamba ophatikizika (ICs). R-ndege safiro amachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kristalo mu ma IC othamanga kwambiri, kukulitsa liwiro la ntchito ndi kukhazikika, pomwe zotchingira za safiro za A-ndege ndi chilolezo chololeza yunifolomu zimakulitsa ma hybrid microelectronics ndi kuphatikiza kwapamwamba kwambiri kwa superconductor. Magawo awa amathandizira tchipisi tambiri zamakompyuta ndi njira zolumikizirana ndi matelefoni.
XKH'sAlN-pa-NPSS Wafer
Tsogolo la Sapphire Crystal mu Semiconductors
Sapphire yawonetsa kale phindu lalikulu pamasemiconductors, kuyambira kupanga chip kupita kumlengalenga ndi ma superconductors. Pamene teknoloji ikupita patsogolo, ntchito yake idzakula kwambiri. Mu luntha lochita kupanga, tchipisi ta safiro zothandizidwa ndi mphamvu zochepa, zogwira ntchito kwambiri zidzayendetsa kupita patsogolo kwa AI pazaumoyo, mayendedwe, ndi zachuma. Mu computing ya quantum, zinthu za safiro zimayiyika ngati njira yodalirika yophatikiza qubit. Pakadali pano, zida za GaN-on-sapphire zidzakwaniritsa zofunikira zaukadaulo waukadaulo wa 5G/6G. Kupita patsogolo, safiro ikhalabe mwala wapangodya waukadaulo wa semiconductor, kulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo waumunthu.
XKH's GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial wafer
XKH imapereka mazenera owoneka bwino a safiro opangidwa mwaluso ndi ma GaN-on-sapphire wafer mayankho pazogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito kukula kwa kristalo komanso umisiri wopukutira wa nanoscale, timapereka mazenera a safiro osalala kwambiri okhala ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku UV kupita ku IR spectra, yabwino kwamlengalenga, chitetezo, ndi makina a laser amphamvu kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-18-2025