M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, zipangizo zamagetsi monga mafoni a m'manja ndi ma watchwatch zakhala mabwenzi ofunikira kwambiri. Zipangizozi zikuchepa kwambiri koma zamphamvu kwambiri. Kodi munayamba mwadzifunsapo chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zipitirire kusintha? Yankho lili mu zipangizo za semiconductor, ndipo lero, tikuyang'ana kwambiri pa chimodzi mwa zinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri - kristalo wa safiro.
Krustalo wa safiro, wopangidwa makamaka ndi α-Al₂O₃, uli ndi maatomu atatu a okosijeni ndi maatomu awiri a aluminiyamu ogwirizana pamodzi, kupanga kapangidwe ka hexagonal lattice. Ngakhale kuti umaoneka ngati safiro wamtengo wapatali, makhiristo a safiro a mafakitale amagogomezera magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Popeza ndi wopanda mankhwala, susungunuka m'madzi ndipo sulimbana ndi ma acid ndi alkali, umagwira ntchito ngati "chishango cha mankhwala" chomwe chimasunga bata m'malo ovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, umasonyeza kuwala kwabwino kwambiri, kulola kuwala kutumiza bwino; kutentha kwamphamvu, kuteteza kutentha kwambiri; komanso kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi kwabwino kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti chizindikirocho chikuyenda bwino popanda kutuluka. Mwaukadaulo, safiro ili ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 9, yachiwiri pambuyo pa diamondi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isawonongeke komanso isawonongeke kwambiri - yabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito molimbika.
Chida Chobisika Pakupanga Ma Chip
(1) Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri pa Ma Chips Ochepa Mphamvu
Pamene magetsi akuyamba kuoneka ngati ang'onoang'ono komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, ma chips amphamvu zochepa akhala ofunika kwambiri. Ma chips akale amavutika ndi kuwonongeka kwa insulation pakakula pang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi atuluke, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimawononga kukhazikika ndi moyo wawo wonse.
Ofufuza ku Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, adapanga ma wafers opangira ma dielectric a safiro pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa oxidation wophatikizidwa ndi zitsulo, zomwe zidasintha aluminiyamu imodzi kukhala alumina imodzi (safiro). Pa makulidwe a 1 nm, zinthuzi zikuwonetsa kutayikira kwamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kuposa ma dielectric achikhalidwe a amorphous ndi magulu awiri a kukula kwake pakuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu komanso kukonza mawonekedwe ndi ma semiconductors a 2D. Kuphatikiza izi ndi zinthu za 2D kumathandiza ma chips amphamvu ochepa, kukulitsa kwambiri moyo wa batri m'mafoni anzeru ndikuwonjezera kukhazikika mu mapulogalamu a AI ndi IoT.
(2) Mnzake Wabwino Kwambiri wa Gallium Nitride (GaN)
Mu gawo la semiconductor, gallium nitride (GaN) yatuluka ngati nyenyezi yowala chifukwa cha ubwino wake wapadera. Monga chipangizo cha semiconductor chokhala ndi bandgap yayikulu yokhala ndi bandgap ya 3.4 eV—yokulirapo kwambiri kuposa 1.1 eV ya silicon—GaN imachita bwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri, komanso ma frequency apamwamba. Kuyenda kwake kwa ma electron ambiri komanso mphamvu yake yowononga kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera kwambiri pazida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri, kutentha kwambiri, ma frequency apamwamba, komanso kuwala kwambiri. Mu zamagetsi zamagetsi, zida zochokera ku GaN zimagwira ntchito pama frequency apamwamba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, kupereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba pakutembenuza mphamvu ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu. Mu kulumikizana ndi microwave, GaN imalola zida zamagetsi zamphamvu kwambiri, ma frequency apamwamba monga ma amplifier amphamvu a 5G, kukulitsa khalidwe la kutumiza chizindikiro ndi kukhazikika.
Krustalo wa safiro amaonedwa kuti ndi "mnzake wabwino kwambiri" wa GaN. Ngakhale kuti kusagwirizana kwake ndi GaN kuli kwakukulu kuposa kwa silicon carbide (SiC), ma substrates a safiro samasonyeza kusagwirizana kochepa kwa kutentha panthawi ya GaN epitaxy, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti GaN ikule bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kwa safiro komanso kuwonekera bwino kwa kuwala kumathandiza kuyeretsa bwino kwa kutentha m'zida zamphamvu za GaN, kuonetsetsa kuti kukhazikika kwa ntchito komanso kutulutsa bwino kuwala. Makhalidwe ake abwino kwambiri otetezera magetsi amachepetsanso kusokoneza kwa chizindikiro ndi kutayika kwa mphamvu. Kuphatikiza kwa safiro ndi GaN kwapangitsa kuti pakhale zida zogwira ntchito bwino, kuphatikizapo ma LED ochokera ku GaN, omwe amalamulira misika yowunikira ndi yowonetsera - kuyambira mababu a LED apakhomo mpaka zowonetsera zazikulu zakunja - komanso ma laser diode omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizirana ndi kuwala komanso kukonza laser molondola.
Wafer wa XKH wa GaN-on-safiro
Kukulitsa Malire a Mapulogalamu a Semiconductor
(1) "Chishango" mu Ntchito Zankhondo ndi Zamlengalenga
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pankhondo ndi ndege nthawi zambiri zimagwira ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Mumlengalenga, zombo zapamlengalenga zimapirira kutentha kosakwana zero, kuwala kwamphamvu kwa cosmic, komanso mavuto a malo opanda mpweya. Pakadali pano, ndege zankhondo zimakumana ndi kutentha kwa pamwamba kopitilira 1,000°C chifukwa cha kutentha kwa aerodynamic panthawi youluka mwachangu, komanso katundu wambiri wamakina komanso kusokonezedwa kwa maginito.
Kapangidwe kake kapadera ka kristalo wa safiro kamapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu choyenera kwambiri pazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'magawo awa. Kulimba kwake kwakukulu kutentha kwambiri—kupirira mpaka 2,045°C pamene kuli kosunga kapangidwe kake—kumatsimikizira kuti imagwira ntchito bwino ngakhale kutentha kwambiri. Kuuma kwake kwa radiation kumatetezanso magwiridwe antchito m'malo ozungulira komanso a nyukiliya, kuteteza bwino zamagetsi osavuta kumva. Zinthu izi zapangitsa kuti safiro igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mawindo a infrared (IR) otentha kwambiri. Mu machitidwe owongolera zida zankhondo, mawindo a IR ayenera kukhala omveka bwino pamene kutentha kwambiri ndi liwiro kuti atsimikizire kuti cholingacho chizindikirika molondola. Mawindo a IR okhala ndi safiro amaphatikiza kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kutumiza kwa IR kwapamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsogozo chikhale cholondola kwambiri. Mumlengalenga, safiro amateteza machitidwe owonera a satellite, zomwe zimathandiza kujambula zithunzi momveka bwino m'malo ovuta ozungulira.
XKH'smawindo owoneka bwino a safiro
(2) Maziko Atsopano a Ma Superconductors ndi Microelectronics
Mu superconductivity, safiro imagwira ntchito ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri pa mafilimu opyapyala opangidwa ndi safiro, omwe amathandizira kuti magetsi asagwere pansi—kusintha mphamvu yotumizira, ma maglev trains, ndi MRI systems. Mafilimu opangidwa ndi superconductor apamwamba kwambiri amafuna ma substrates okhala ndi ma lattice structures okhazikika, ndipo kugwirizana kwa safiro ndi zinthu monga magnesium diboride (MgB₂) kumalola kukula kwa mafilimu okhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka ya critical current ndi critical magnetic field. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mafilimu opangidwa ndi safiro opangidwa ndi superconductor zimathandizira kwambiri kuyendetsa bwino magetsi pochepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu.
Mu ma microelectronics, ma substrates a safiro okhala ndi mawonekedwe apadera a crystallographic—monga R-plane (<1-102>) ndi A-plane (<11-20>)—amathandizira zigawo za silicon epitaxial zokonzedwa bwino kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma circuits apamwamba (ICs). Safira wa R-plane amachepetsa zolakwika za kristalo mu ma IC othamanga kwambiri, zomwe zimawonjezera liwiro la ntchito ndi kukhazikika, pomwe mawonekedwe a insulation a safiro wa A-plane ndi permittivity yofanana zimathandizira ma microelectronics osakanikirana komanso kuphatikiza kwa superconductor yotentha kwambiri. Ma substrates awa amathandizira ma core chips mu zomangamanga zamakompyuta apamwamba komanso zolumikizirana.
XKH'sAlN-on-NPSS Wafer
Tsogolo la Sapphire Crystal mu Semiconductors
Sapphire yawonetsa kale kufunika kwakukulu pa ma semiconductors, kuyambira kupanga ma chip mpaka ndege ndi ma superconductors. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, ntchito yake idzakula kwambiri. Mu luntha lochita kupanga, ma chips otsika mphamvu, ogwira ntchito bwino omwe amathandizidwa ndi safiro adzatsogolera kupititsa patsogolo kwa AI mu chisamaliro chaumoyo, mayendedwe, ndi zachuma. Mu quantum computing, katundu wa safiro umayiyika ngati woyenerera wophatikiza ma qubit. Pakadali pano, zida za GaN-on-sapphire zidzakwaniritsa zosowa zomwe zikukwera za zida zolumikizirana za 5G/6G. Kupita patsogolo, safiro idzakhalabe mwala wapangodya wa luso la semiconductor, ndikulimbikitsa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kwa anthu.
Wafer wa XKH's GaN-on-sapphire epitaxial
XKH imapereka mawindo opangidwa mwaluso a safiro ndi njira zothetsera mavuto a GaN-on-sapphire wafer kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zamakono. Pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wokulirapo wa kristalo ndi nanoscale polishing, timapereka mawindo a safiro osalala kwambiri okhala ndi ma transmission apadera kuchokera ku UV kupita ku IR spectra, abwino kwambiri pa ndege, chitetezo, ndi makina amphamvu a laser.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-18-2025