Zinthu zopangidwa ndi lithiamu tantalate (LTOI) zopyapyala zikubwera ngati mphamvu yatsopano yofunika kwambiri m'munda wa optics wophatikizidwa. Chaka chino, ntchito zingapo zapamwamba pa ma modulators a LTOI zasindikizidwa, ndi ma wafers apamwamba a LTOI operekedwa ndi Pulofesa Xin Ou wochokera ku Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, ndi njira zapamwamba zolembera ma waveguide zomwe zapangidwa ndi gulu la Pulofesa Kippenberg ku EPFL, Switzerland. Kugwirizana kwawo kwawonetsa zotsatira zodabwitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu ofufuza ochokera ku Zhejiang University otsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Liu Liu ndi Harvard University otsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Loncar nawonso apereka lipoti la ma modulators a LTOI othamanga kwambiri komanso okhazikika.
Popeza ndi wachibale wapafupi wa lithiamu niobate woonda kwambiri (LNOI), LTOI imasunga mawonekedwe a lithiamu niobate osinthasintha mwachangu komanso otsika mtengo komanso imaperekanso zabwino monga mtengo wotsika, birefringence yotsika, komanso zotsatira zochepa za photorefractive. Kuyerekeza makhalidwe akuluakulu a zinthu ziwirizi kwaperekedwa pansipa.
◆ Kufanana pakati pa Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) ndi Lithium Niobate (LNOI)
①Chizindikiro Chowunikira:2.12 motsutsana ndi 2.21
Izi zikutanthauza kuti miyeso ya waveguide ya single-mode, ma radius opindika, ndi kukula kwa chipangizo chofanana chogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse ziwiri ndizofanana kwambiri, ndipo magwiridwe antchito awo olumikizirana ndi ulusi nawonso ndi ofanana. Ndi kupukutira bwino kwa waveguide, zinthu zonse ziwiri zimatha kutaya mwayi wolowera.<0.1 dB/cm. EPFL yanena kuti waveguide yatayika ndi 5.6 dB/m.
②Choyezera cha Electro-optic:30.5 pm/V poyerekeza ndi 30.9 pm/V
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa ma modulation kumafanana ndi zipangizo zonse ziwiri, ndi ma modulation kutengera mphamvu ya Pockels, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale bandwidth yayikulu. Pakadali pano, ma modulators a LTOI amatha kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito a 400G pa lane iliyonse, ndi bandwidth yoposa 110 GHz.
③Mpata wa bandgap:3.93 eV poyerekeza ndi 3.78 eV
Zipangizo zonsezi zili ndi zenera lalikulu lowonekera bwino, lothandizira ntchito kuyambira mafunde owoneka mpaka a infrared, osayamwa m'mabande olumikizirana.
④Koefficient Wachiwiri Wopanda Mzere (d33):21 pm/V poyerekeza 27 pm/V
Ngati ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda mzere monga kupanga kwachiwiri kwa harmonic (SHG), kupanga ma frequency osiyana (DFG), kapena kupanga ma frequency okwanira (SFG), mphamvu yosinthira ya zinthu ziwirizi iyenera kukhala yofanana kwambiri.
◆ Ubwino wa Mtengo wa LTOI vs LNOI
①Mtengo Wochepa Wokonzekera Wafer
LNOI imafuna kuyika ma ion a He kuti ilekanitse zigawo, zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa ya ionization. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, LTOI imagwiritsa ntchito kuyika ma ion a H kuti ilekanitse, mofanana ndi SOI, yokhala ndi mphamvu yolekanitsa madera yoposa nthawi 10 kuposa LNOI. Izi zimapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu pamitengo ya ma wafer a mainchesi 6: $300 poyerekeza ndi $2000, kutsika kwa mtengo ndi 85%.
②Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kale kwambiri pamsika wamagetsi wa ogula pa zosefera zamawu(Mayunitsi 750,000 pachaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Samsung, Apple, Sony, ndi zina zotero).
◆ Ubwino wa Kuchita Bwino kwa LTOI vs LNOI
①Zofooka Zochepa Zazinthu, Mphamvu Yofooka Yojambula Zithunzi, Kukhazikika Kwambiri
Poyamba, ma modulators a LNOI nthawi zambiri ankawonetsa bias point drift, makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma charge komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika pa waveguide interface. Ngati sizikuthandizidwa, zidazi zingatenge tsiku limodzi kuti zikhazikike. Komabe, njira zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa kuti zithetse vutoli, monga kugwiritsa ntchito metal oxide cladding, substrate polarization, ndi annealing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli lithe kuthetsedwa tsopano.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, LTOI ili ndi zolakwika zochepa pazinthu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino. Ngakhale popanda kukonza kwina, malo ake ogwirira ntchito amakhalabe okhazikika. Zotsatira zofanana zanenedwa ndi EPFL, Harvard, ndi Zhejiang University. Komabe, kufananiza kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ma modulators a LNOI osakonzedwa, zomwe sizingakhale zabwino kwenikweni; ndi kukonza, magwiridwe antchito a zinthu zonse ziwiri mwina ndi ofanana. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu LTOI yomwe imafuna njira zochepa zokonzera.
②Kutsika kwa Birefringence: 0.004 vs 0.07
Kuchuluka kwa birefringence ya lithiamu niobate (LNOI) nthawi zina kungakhale kovuta, makamaka chifukwa ma waveguide bends angayambitse mode coupling ndi mode hybridization. Mu LNOI yopyapyala, bend mu waveguide ingasinthe pang'ono TE light kukhala TM light, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga zida zina zosagwira ntchito, monga zosefera, kukhale kovuta.
Ndi LTOI, birefringence yotsika imathetsa vutoli, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zida zogwira ntchito bwino. EPFL yanenanso zotsatira zodziwika bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito birefringence yotsika ya LTOI komanso kusowa kwa mode-crossing kuti ikwaniritse kupanga electro-optic frequency comb comb yokhala ndi ultra-wide-spectrum control yokhala ndi flat dispersion control kudutsa wide spectral range. Izi zapangitsa kuti 450 nm comb bandwidth yodabwitsa yokhala ndi mizere yopitilira 2000, yayikulu kangapo kuposa yomwe ingapezeke ndi lithiamu niobate. Poyerekeza ndi Kerr optical frequency combs, electro-optic combs imapereka mwayi wokhala opanda malire komanso okhazikika, ngakhale kuti amafunikira microwave input yamphamvu kwambiri.
③Malo Owononga Kwambiri Opaleshoni
Mlingo wa kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa LTOI ndi wowirikiza kawiri kuposa wa LNOI, zomwe zikupereka mwayi mu ntchito zopanda mzere (ndipo mwina mtsogolo mu ntchito za Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPO). Mphamvu yamagetsi ya optical module yomwe ilipo pakadali pano singathe kuwononga lithiamu niobate.
④Zotsatira Zochepa za Raman
Izi zikugwiranso ntchito pazinthu zopanda mzere. Lithium niobate ili ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya Raman, yomwe mu Kerr optical frequency comb applications imatha kuyambitsa kuwala kosafunikira kwa Raman ndikupikisana, zomwe zimalepheretsa x-cut lithium niobate optical frequency combs kuti isafike ku soliton state. Ndi LTOI, mphamvu ya Raman imatha kuchepetsedwa kudzera mu kapangidwe ka kristalo, kulola x-cut LTOI kupanga soliton optical frequency comb. Izi zimathandiza kuphatikiza monolithic kwa soliton optical frequency combs ndi ma modulators othamanga kwambiri, zomwe sizingatheke ndi LNOI.
◆ N’chifukwa Chiyani Thin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) Siinatchulidwe Kale?
Lithium tantalate ili ndi kutentha kochepa kwa Curie kuposa lithium niobate (610°C poyerekeza ndi 1157°C). Asanayambe kupanga ukadaulo wa heterointegration (XOI), ma modulators a lithium niobate ankapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito titanium diffusion, zomwe zimafuna annealing pa kutentha kopitilira 1000°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti LTOI isayenerere. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa masiku ano kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulator substrates ndi waveguide etching popanga ma modulator, kutentha kwa 610°C Curie ndikokwanira.
◆ Kodi Thin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) Idzalowa M'malo mwa Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (TFLN)?
Kutengera kafukufuku waposachedwa, LTOI imapereka zabwino pakuchita bwino, kukhazikika, komanso mtengo waukulu wopanga, popanda zovuta zooneka. Komabe, LTOI siyiposa lithiamu niobate pakuchita bwino kwa modulation, ndipo mavuto okhazikika ndi LNOI ali ndi mayankho odziwika. Pa ma module a DR olumikizirana, pali kufunikira kochepa kwa zigawo zopanda ntchito (ndipo silicon nitride ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakufunika). Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zatsopano zimafunika kuti zikhazikitsenso njira zomangira za wafer-level, njira za heterointegration, ndi mayeso odalirika (vuto la lithiamu niobate etching silinali waveguide koma kupeza ma wafer-level etching okwera mtengo). Chifukwa chake, kuti apikisane ndi malo omwe lithiamu niobate idakhazikitsa, LTOI ingafunike kupeza zabwino zina. Komabe, pankhani yamaphunziro, LTOI imapereka mwayi wofufuza wofunikira wa machitidwe ophatikizika a on-chip, monga ma octave-spanning electro-optic combs, PPLT, soliton ndi AWG wavelength division devices, ndi ma array modulators.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-08-2024