Thin-film lithium tantalate (LTOI) zinthu zikutuluka ngati mphamvu yatsopano mu Integrated Optics field. Chaka chino, ntchito zingapo zapamwamba za LTOI modulators zasindikizidwa, zophika za LTOI zapamwamba kwambiri zoperekedwa ndi Pulofesa Xin Ou wochokera ku Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, komanso njira zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira ma waveguide opangidwa ndi gulu la Pulofesa Kippenberg ku EPFL. , Switzerland. Kugwira ntchito kwawo mogwirizana kwawonetsa zotsatira zochititsa chidwi. Kuphatikiza apo, magulu ofufuza ochokera ku Yunivesite ya Zhejiang motsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Liu Liu ndi Harvard University motsogozedwa ndi Pulofesa Loncar adanenanso za ma module a LTOI othamanga kwambiri, okhazikika kwambiri.
Monga wachibale wapamtima wa lithiamu niobate (LNOI), LTOI imasungabe kusinthasintha kothamanga kwambiri komanso kutayika kochepa kwa lithiamu niobate pomwe imaperekanso zabwino monga mtengo wotsika, kutsika kwa birefringence, komanso kuchepa kwa zotsatira za Photorefractive. Kuyerekeza kwa zizindikiro zazikulu za zipangizo ziwirizi zikufotokozedwa pansipa.
◆ Kufanana pakati pa Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) ndi Lithium Niobate (LNOI)
①Refractive Index:2.12 vs 2.21
Izi zikutanthawuza kuti miyeso ya mawonekedwe a single-mode waveguide, utali wopindika, ndi makulidwe wamba wamba wokhazikika pazida zonse ziwiri ndizofanana, komanso magwiridwe antchito awo amafanananso. Ndi ma waveguide etching abwino, zida zonse ziwiri zimatha kutayika kuyika kwa<0.1 dB/cm. EPFL ikuwonetsa kutayika kwa waveguide kwa 5.6 dB/m.
②Electro-Optic Coefficient:30.5 pm/V vs 30.9 pm/V
Kuchita bwino kwa kusinthika kumafanana ndi zida zonse ziwiri, ndikusinthira kutengera ma Pockels, kulola bandwidth yayikulu. Pakadali pano, ma modulators a LTOI amatha kukwaniritsa 400G panjira iliyonse, ndi bandwidth yopitilira 110 GHz.
③Bandgap:3.93 eV vs 3.78 eV
Zida zonsezi zili ndi zenera lowoneka bwino, lothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito kuchokera pakuwoneka mpaka ma infrared wavelengths, popanda kuyamwa m'magulu olumikizirana.
④Wowonjezera Wachiwiri Wopanda Mzere (d33):21pm/V vs 27pm/V
Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopanda mzere monga second harmonic generation (SHG), difference-frequency generation (DFG), kapena sum-frequency generation (SFG), kusinthasintha kwa zipangizo ziwirizi ziyenera kukhala zofanana.
◆ Mtengo Wopindulitsa wa LTOI vs LNOI
①Mtengo Wokonzekera Wafer Wapansi
LNOI imafuna kuti He ion implantation kuti alekanitse wosanjikiza, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yotsika ya ionization. Mosiyana ndi izi, LTOI imagwiritsa ntchito implantation ya H ion kupatukana, yofanana ndi SOI, yokhala ndi mphamvu ya delamination kupitilira nthawi 10 kuposa LNOI. Izi zimabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtengo wa 6-inch wafers: $ 300 vs. $ 2000, kuchepetsa 85% mtengo.
②Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kale mumsika wamagetsi ogula zinthu zosefera ma acoustic(mayunitsi 750,000 pachaka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Samsung, Apple, Sony, etc.).
◆ Ubwino Wantchito wa LTOI vs LNOI
①Zowonongeka Zochepa Zochepa, Zowonongeka Zochepa za Photorefractive, Kukhazikika Kwambiri
Poyambirira, ma modulator a LNOI nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukondera, makamaka chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zolakwika pamawonekedwe a waveguide. Ngati sichimathandizidwa, zidazi zitha kutenga tsiku limodzi kuti zikhazikike. Komabe, njira zosiyanasiyana zinapangidwa kuti zithetse vutoli, monga kugwiritsa ntchito metal oxide cladding, substrate polarization, ndi annealing, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vutoli likhale lovuta kwambiri tsopano.
Mosiyana ndi izi, LTOI ili ndi zolakwika zochepa zakuthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika zochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale popanda kukonza kowonjezera, malo ake ogwirira ntchito amakhalabe okhazikika. Zotsatira zofananazi zanenedwa ndi EPFL, Harvard, ndi Zhejiang University. Komabe, kufananitsako nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ma modulators a LNOI osasamalidwa, omwe sangakhale abwino; pokonza, magwiridwe antchito onsewa amakhala ofanana. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu LTOI yomwe ikufuna masitepe ochepera owonjezera.
②Pansi Birefringence: 0.004 vs 0.07
Kukwera kwambiri kwa lithiamu niobate (LNOI) kumatha kukhala kovuta nthawi zina, makamaka chifukwa ma waveguide amapindika amatha kuyambitsa kulumikizana kwa ma mode ndi kusakanizidwa. Mu LNOI yopyapyala, kupindika kwa waveguide kumatha kusintha pang'ono kuwala kwa TE kukhala kuwala kwa TM, kusokoneza kupanga zida zina zongopanga, monga zosefera.
Ndi LTOI, birefringence yotsika imathetsa nkhaniyi, zomwe zingapangitse kuti zikhale zosavuta kupanga zida zogwira ntchito kwambiri. EPFL yanenanso zotulukapo zodziwika bwino, kukulitsa kutsika kwa LTOI kocheperako komanso kusakhalapo kwa njira yowoloka kuti ikwaniritse kaphatikizidwe ka ma frequency a electro-optic frequency comb ndi kuwongolera kubalalitsidwa kosalala pamawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Izi zidapangitsa kuti chisa cha 450 nm chizikhala ndi mizere yopitilira 2000, yokulirapo kangapo kuposa yomwe ingapezeke ndi lithiamu niobate. Poyerekeza ndi Kerr optical frequency combs, ma electro-optic combs amapereka mwayi wokhala opanda malire komanso okhazikika, ngakhale amafunikira kuyika kwa microwave kwamphamvu kwambiri.
③Higher Optical Damage Threshold
Kuwonongeka kwapang'onopang'ono kwa LTOI ndi kuwirikiza kawiri kwa LNOI, kumapereka mwayi pazogwiritsa ntchito zopanda mzere (komanso ntchito zamtsogolo za Coherent Perfect Absorption (CPO)). Miyezo yamakono yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi ndiyokayikitsa kuti ingawononge lithiamu niobate.
④Low Raman Effect
Izi zikukhudzananso ndi ntchito zopanda mzere. Lithium niobate imakhala ndi mphamvu ya Raman, yomwe mu Kerr optical frequency comb applications imatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale m'badwo wopepuka wa Raman ndikupeza mpikisano, kulepheretsa zisa za x-cut lithiamu niobate optical frequency kufika ku soliton state. Ndi LTOI, mawonekedwe a Raman amatha kuponderezedwa kudzera mu kapangidwe ka kristalo, kulola x-cut LTOI kukwaniritsa m'badwo wa soliton optical frequency comb. Izi zimathandiza kuphatikizika kwa monolithic kwa soliton optical frequency zisa ndi ma modulators othamanga kwambiri, zomwe sizingachitike ndi LNOI.
◆ N’chifukwa Chiyani Thin-Film Lithium Tantate (LTOI) Sanatchulidwe Poyambirirapo?
Lithium tantalate ili ndi kutentha kochepa kwa Curie kuposa lithiamu niobate (610 ° C vs. 1157 ° C). Asanakhazikitsidwe ukadaulo wa heterointegration (XOI), ma modulators a lithiamu niobate adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kufalikira kwa titaniyamu, komwe kumafunikira kupitilira 1000 ° C, kupangitsa LTOI kukhala yosayenera. Komabe, ndikusintha kwamasiku ano kogwiritsa ntchito ma insulator substrates ndi ma waveguide etching popanga ma module, kutentha kwa 610 ° C Curie ndikokwanira.
◆ Kodi Thin-Film Lithium Tantalate (LTOI) Idzalowa M'malo mwa Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (TFLN)?
Kutengera kafukufuku waposachedwa, LTOI imapereka zabwino pakuchita mosasamala, kukhazikika, komanso mtengo waukulu wopanga, popanda zopinga zowonekera. Komabe, LTOI sikuposa lithiamu niobate pakuchita modulation, ndipo nkhani zokhazikika ndi LNOI zadziwa mayankho. Pama module olumikizirana a DR, pali kufunikira kochepa kwa zida zongokhala (ndipo silicon nitride ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pakufunika). Kuphatikiza apo, mabizinesi atsopano amafunikira kuti akhazikitsenso njira zowongoka, njira zophatikizika, komanso kuyesa kudalirika (kuvuta kwa lithiamu niobate etching sikunali koyambitsa mafunde koma kukwaniritsa zokolola zapamwamba). Chifukwa chake, kuti mupikisane ndi malo okhazikika a lithiamu niobate, LTOI ingafunike kuwulula zabwino zina. Komabe, mwamaphunziro, LTOI imapereka mwayi wofufuza wophatikizira pa-chip system, monga ma octave-spanning electro-optic combs, PPLT, soliton ndi zida za AWG wavelength division, ndi ma modulator osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-08-2024