Sapphire, "nyenyezi yapamwamba" ya banja la Corundum, ili ngati mnyamata woyengedwa mu "suti yakuya ya buluu". Koma mutakumana naye nthawi zambiri, mudzapeza kuti zovala zake sizingokhala "buluu", kapena "blue blue". Kuchokera ku "buluu wa chimanga" mpaka "buluu wachifumu", mtundu uliwonse wa buluu ndi wonyezimira. Mukaganiza kuti buluu ndi wonyezimira pang'ono, Ikuwonetsaninso zobiriwira, zotuwa, zachikasu, lalanje, zofiirira, zapinki ndi zofiirira.
Sapphire amitundu yosiyanasiyana
Safira
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala: Al₂O₃ \ nUtoto: Kusintha kwa mtundu wa safiro kumabwera chifukwa cholowa m'malo mwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa nthiti yake. Kuphatikiza mitundu yonse ya banja la corundum kupatula ruby. Kuuma: Kulimba kwa Mohs ndi 9, yachiwiri kwa diamondi. Kachulukidwe: 3.95-4.1 magalamu pa kiyubiki centimita iliyonse \ nBirefractive index: 0.008-0.010 \ nLuster: Transparent to the semi-transparent, vitreous luster to sub-diamond luster. Mphamvu yapadera ya kuwala: safiro ena amakhala ndi kuwala kwa nyenyezi. Izi ndizo, pambuyo podula ndikupera ngati arc, zosakaniza zabwino mkati (monga rutile) zimasonyeza kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pamwamba pa miyala yamtengo wapatali iwonetsere kuwala kwa nyenyezi zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Zithunzi zisanu ndi chimodzi za Starlight Sapphire
Malo opangira zazikulu
Madera odziwika bwino opanga zinthu akuphatikizapo Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, India ndi madera ena a Africa.
Sapphire ochokera kosiyanasiyana ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana. Mwachitsanzo, miyala ya safiro yopangidwa ku Myanmar, Kashmir ndi madera ena amapangidwa ndi titaniyamu, kuwonetsa mtundu wonyezimira wa buluu, pomwe ochokera ku Australia, Thailand ndi China amakhala ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa mtundu wakuda.
Chiyambi cha depositi
Mapangidwe a safiro ndi njira yovuta, nthawi zambiri pansi pa zochitika zenizeni za chilengedwe.
Chifukwa cha Metamorphic: Pamene miyala yokhala ndi magnesiamu (monga marble) ikumana ndi titaniyamu / madzi olemera a chitsulo, corundum imabadwa pansi pa mphamvu ya 6-12kbar pa 700-900 ℃. Kuphatikizika kwa "velvet effect" kwa safiro ku Kashmir ndiye "siginecha" yamalo opanikizika kwambiri.
Magmatic genesis: Basaltic magma yonyamula makristalo a corundum amaphulika pamwamba, kupanga ma depositi monga Mogu ku Myanmar. Mitengo ya safiro pano nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi rutiite inclusions, yokonzedwa mu "nyenyezi".
Makhalidwe owoneka ngati muvi a rutile inclusions ku Mogok safire kuchokera ku Myanmar
Mtundu wa Pegmatite: Malo a safiro ochokera ku Sri Lanka ndi "cholowa" cha nyengo ya granitic pegmatite.
Sri Lankan placer safiro mwala wolimba
Mtengo ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito safiro kumadutsa m'magawo onse monga zodzikongoletsera, sayansi, maphunziro ndi zojambulajambula.
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali: Sapphire imayamikiridwa kwambiri chifukwa cha mtundu wake wokongola, kuuma kwakukulu komanso kulimba, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba monga mphete, mikanda, ndolo ndi zibangili.
Ma safiro amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi ayoni achromic
Tanthauzo lophiphiritsa: safiro imayimira kukhulupirika, kusasunthika, chifundo ndi kuwona mtima, ndipo ndi mwala wobadwa wa September ndi autumn.
Kugwiritsa ntchito m'mafakitale: Kupatula kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mwala wamtengo wapatali, safiro amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga galasi la kristalo la mawotchi ndi zipangizo zamawindo pazida zowunikira chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu komanso kuwonekera.
Synthetic safiro
Synthetic safire amapangidwa mu labotale, koma zinthu zake, zowoneka bwino komanso zakuthupi zimakhala zofanana ndi za mchere wachilengedwe.
Mbiri ya synthesizing/processing safire
Mu 1045, miyala yamtengo wapatali ya corundum inagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwa 1100 ° C kuchotsa buluu la buluu la ruby.
Mu 1902, corundum yoyamba yopangidwa mwaluso idapangidwa ndi wasayansi waku France Auguste Verneuil (1856-1913) pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosungunula lawi mu 1902.
Mu 1975, safiro ya geuda yochokera ku Sri Lanka inkatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri (1500 ° C+) kuti ikhale yabuluu.
M'chilimwe cha 2003, GIA inafalitsa kafukufuku watsopano wofunikira pa kufalikira kwa beryllium mu rubi ndi safiro.
Kodi Korona amakonda kwambiri miyala ya safiro?
Korona waku Austria
Chigobacho chimapangidwa ndi golide ndipo amachimanga ndi ngale, diamondi ndi ruby. Pakatikati pa pamwamba pa korona pali safiro wonyezimira kwambiri.
Mfumukazi Victoria Sapphire ndi Korona wa Diamondi
Korona yonseyo imapangidwa ndi golidi ndi siliva, ndi m'lifupi mwake 11.5 centimita. Amapangidwa ndi miyala 11 yooneka ngati khushoni komanso ngati kite ndipo amakongoletsedwa ndi ma diamondi owala akale odulidwa ndi mgodi. Iyi inali mphatso yomwe Prince Albert adapereka kwa Mfumukazi kutatsala tsiku limodzi ukwati wake mu 1840.
Korona wa Ufumu wa Britain
Korona uyu wapangidwa ndi ma rubi 5, safiro 17, emarodi 11, ngale 269 ndi diamondi 2,868 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Sapphire wa Mfumukazi Maria wa Tsarist Russia
Wojambula wa ku Russia Konstantin Makovsky kamodzi anajambula chithunzi cha Maria. Pachithunzichi, Maria wavala zovala zokongola kwambiri ndipo wavala masuti apamwamba kwambiri a safiro. Pakati pawo, mkanda womwe uli kutsogolo kwa khosi lake ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri, wokhala ndi safiro wozungulira wolemera 139 carats.
Sapphire ndi yokongola kwambiri. Sizingatheke kukhala ndi imodzi. Pambuyo pake, mtengo ukhoza kusiyana kwambiri malingana ndi mtundu, kumveka bwino, njira yodulira, kulemera, chiyambi komanso ngati wakonzedwa kapena ayi. Chonde khalani tcheru pogula. Ndipotu, ndi chizindikiro cha "kukhulupirika ndi nzeru". Osatengeka ndi “kuwala kwa nyenyezi” kumeneko.
XKH's Zopangira mwala wa safiro:
Wotchi ya XKH's Sapphire:
Nthawi yotumiza: May-12-2025