Ma semiconductors amagwira ntchito ngati maziko a nthawi ya chidziwitso, ndipo kusintha kulikonse kwa zinthu kumatanthauziranso malire a ukadaulo wa anthu. Kuyambira ma semiconductors ochokera ku silicon m'badwo woyamba mpaka zida zamakono za m'badwo wachinayi, kusintha kulikonse kwa chisinthiko kwapangitsa kuti pakhale kupita patsogolo kwatsopano pakulankhulana, mphamvu, ndi makompyuta. Mwa kusanthula makhalidwe ndi kusintha kwa mibadwo ya zida zomwe zilipo za semiconductor, titha kulosera njira zomwe zingatheke kwa ma semiconductors a m'badwo wachisanu pamene tikuyang'ana njira zanzeru zaku China m'bwalo la mpikisano ili.
I. Makhalidwe ndi Malingaliro Osinthika a Mibadwo Inayi ya Semiconductor
Ma Semiconductors a M'badwo Woyamba: Nthawi ya Silicon-Germanium Foundation
Makhalidwe: Ma elemental semiconductors monga silicon (Si) ndi germanium (Ge) amapereka njira zotsika mtengo komanso zopangira zokhwima, komabe ali ndi mipata yopapatiza (Si: 1.12 eV; Ge: 0.67 eV), kuchepetsa kulekerera kwa magetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Ma circuit ophatikizidwa, ma solar cell, zida zotsika mphamvu/zotsika mphamvu.
Choyendetsa Chosinthira: Kufunika kwakukulu kwa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba/kutentha kwambiri mu optoelectronics kwapitirira mphamvu za silicon.
Ma Semiconductor a M'badwo Wachiwiri: Kusintha kwa Ma Compound III-V
Makhalidwe: Ma compound a III-V monga gallium arsenide (GaAs) ndi indium phosphide (InP) ali ndi ma bandgaps ambiri (GaAs: 1.42 eV) komanso kuyenda kwa ma electron ambiri pa RF ndi ntchito za photonic.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Zipangizo za 5G RF, ma laser diode, kulumikizana kwa satellite.
Mavuto: Kusowa kwa zinthu (kuchuluka kwa indium: 0.001%), zinthu zapoizoni (arsenic), ndi ndalama zambiri zopangira.
Chowongolera Chosinthira: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu/mphamvu kumafuna zipangizo zokhala ndi mavoteji ambiri owonongeka.
Ma Semiconductor a M'badwo Wachitatu: Kusintha kwa Mphamvu ya Bandgap Yonse
Makhalidwe: Silicon carbide (SiC) ndi gallium nitride (GaN) zimapereka mipata >3eV (SiC:3.2eV; GaN:3.4eV), yokhala ndi kutentha kwapamwamba komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Kugwiritsa ntchito: Ma electropowertrains a EV, ma PV inverters, zomangamanga za 5G.
Ubwino: Kusunga mphamvu ndi 50%+ komanso kuchepetsa kukula ndi 70% poyerekeza ndi silicon.
Chowongolera Chosinthira: Kuwerengera kwa AI/kwantamu kumafuna zinthu zomwe zili ndi miyeso yochuluka kwambiri ya magwiridwe antchito.
Ma Semiconductor a M'badwo Wachinayi: Frontier ya Bandgap Yonse
Makhalidwe: Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) ndi diamondi (C) zimafika pa bandgaps mpaka 4.8eV, kuphatikiza kukana kochepa kwambiri ndi kulekerera kwa voteji ya kV.
Mapulogalamu: Ma IC amphamvu kwambiri, zowunikira zakuya za UV, kulumikizana kwa quantum.
Kupambana: Zipangizo za Ga₂O₃ zimapirira >8kV, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti SiC igwire bwino ntchito katatu.
Mfundo Yokhudza Chisinthiko: Kudumphadumpha kwa magwiridwe antchito a Quantum-scale ndikofunikira kuti tigonjetse malire akuthupi.
I. Zochitika za Semiconductor za M'badwo Wachisanu: Zida za Quantum & Mapangidwe a 2D
Zinthu zomwe zingayambitse chitukuko ndi izi:
1. Zoteteza ku zinthu za m'mlengalenga: Kutulutsa mpweya pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito zoteteza zambiri kumathandiza kuti magetsi asatayike konse.
2. Zipangizo za 2D: Graphene/MoS₂ imapereka yankho la THz-frequency komanso imagwirizana ndi zamagetsi mosavuta.
3. Madontho a Quantum & Makristalo a Photonic: Uinjiniya wa Bandgap umathandiza kuphatikiza kwa optoelectronic-thermal.
4. Bio-Semiconductors: Zinthu zodzipangira zokha zochokera ku DNA/protein zomwe zimalumikiza biology ndi zamagetsi.
5. Zoyendetsa Zinthu Zofunika: AI, mawonekedwe a ubongo ndi makompyuta, ndi zofunikira pa kutentha kwa chipinda.
II. Mwayi wa Semiconductor ku China: Kuchokera kwa Wotsatira mpaka Mtsogoleri
1. Kupita patsogolo kwa Ukadaulo
• M'badwo wachitatu: Kupanga kwakukulu kwa ma substrates a SiC a mainchesi 8; ma SiC MOSFET a mtundu wa magalimoto m'magalimoto a BYD
• Mbadwo wachinayi: Kupambana kwa Ga₂O₃ epitaxy ya mainchesi 8 ndi XUPT ndi CETC46
2. Thandizo la Ndondomeko
• Dongosolo la Zaka Zisanu la 14 limaika patsogolo makina opanga ma semiconductor a m'badwo wachitatu
• Ndalama zoyendetsera mafakitale za mayuan mabiliyoni zana m'chigawo zakhazikitsidwa
• Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zida za GaN za mainchesi 6-8 ndi ma transistors a Ga₂O₃ zili m'gulu la zinthu 10 zapamwamba kwambiri mu 2024.
III. Mavuto ndi Mayankho Anzeru
1. Zopinga Zaukadaulo
• Kukula kwa Makristalo: Kupereka kochepa kwa maboules akuluakulu (monga, kusweka kwa Ga₂O₃)
• Miyezo Yodalirika: Kusowa kwa njira zokhazikika zoyesera ukalamba wamphamvu kwambiri/wambiri pafupipafupi
2. Mipata ya Unyolo Wopereka
• Zipangizo: <20% ya zomwe zili m'nyumba mwa alimi a SiC crystal
• Kutengera: Kukonda kwambiri zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja
3. Njira Zanzeru
• Mgwirizano wa Makampani ndi Maphunziro: Wopangidwa motsatira "Mgwirizano wa Semiconductor wa M'badwo Wachitatu"
• Niche Focus: Ikani patsogolo kulumikizana kwa quantum/misika yatsopano yamagetsi
• Kukula kwa Maluso: Kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu a maphunziro a "Chip Science & Engineering"
Kuyambira pa silicon mpaka Ga₂O₃, kusintha kwa zinthu za semiconductor kumafotokoza za kupambana kwa anthu pa malire akuthupi. Mwayi wa China uli pakudziwa bwino zinthu za m'badwo wachinayi pamene akutsogolera zatsopano za m'badwo wachisanu. Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaphunziro Yang Deren adanenera: "Kupanga zinthu zatsopano kumafuna kupanga njira zosayendamo." Kugwirizana kwa mfundo, ndalama, ndi ukadaulo kudzatsimikizira tsogolo la semiconductor ku China.
XKH yakhala ngati kampani yopereka mayankho ogwirizana ndi vertically yomwe imadziwika bwino ndi zipangizo zapamwamba za semiconductor m'mibadwo yambiri yaukadaulo. Ndi luso lofunikira lomwe limakhala ndi kukula kwa kristalo, kukonza molondola, komanso ukadaulo wogwira ntchito, XKH imapereka ma substrates ogwira ntchito bwino komanso ma epitaxial wafers kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi amphamvu, kulumikizana kwa RF, ndi machitidwe a optoelectronic. Dongosolo lathu lopanga limaphatikizapo njira zopangira ma silicon carbide a mainchesi 4-8 ndi ma gallium nitride wafers okhala ndi zowongolera zolakwika zotsogola mumakampani, pomwe ikusunga mapulogalamu ofufuza ndi chitukuko pantchito m'zinthu zatsopano za bandgap kuphatikiza gallium oxide ndi ma diamondi semiconductors. Kudzera mu mgwirizano wanzeru ndi mabungwe ofufuza otsogola ndi opanga zida, XKH yapanga nsanja yosinthika yopanga yomwe ingathandize kupanga zinthu zokhazikika komanso kupanga njira zapadera zothetsera mavuto opangidwa mwamakonda. Ukatswiri waukadaulo wa XKH umayang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi mavuto akuluakulu m'makampani monga kukonza kufanana kwa ma wafers pazida zamagetsi, kukulitsa kasamalidwe ka kutentha mu ntchito za RF, ndikupanga mapangidwe atsopano a zida za photonic za m'badwo wotsatira. Mwa kuphatikiza sayansi yapamwamba ya zinthu ndi luso la uinjiniya wolondola, XKH imathandizira makasitomala kuthana ndi zolepheretsa magwiridwe antchito m'magwiritsidwe ntchito pafupipafupi, amphamvu kwambiri, komanso malo ozungulira kwambiri pomwe ikuthandizira kusintha kwa makampani opanga ma semiconductor am'dzikolo kupita ku ufulu waukulu wopereka zinthu.
Izi ndi XKH's 12inchs safiro wafer ndi 12inch SiC substrate:
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-06-2025