Semiconductors amagwira ntchito ngati mwala wapangodya wa nthawi yachidziwitso, ndikubwereza kwazinthu zilizonse kumafotokozeranso malire aukadaulo wamunthu. Kuchokera pa ma semiconductors a silicon-based semiconductors mpaka pamibadwo yachinayi yamagetsi amtundu wamakono, kudumpha kulikonse kwasintha kwapangitsa kupita patsogolo kwapaintaneti, mphamvu, ndi makompyuta. Powunika mawonekedwe ndi kusintha kwakusintha kwa zida zomwe zidalipo kale, titha kulosera momwe tingagwiritsire ntchito ma semiconductor a m'badwo wachisanu ndikuwunika njira zaku China pabwalo lampikisanoli.
I. Makhalidwe ndi Chisinthiko Chomveka cha Mibadwo Inayi Yopangira Semiconductor
M'badwo Woyamba Semiconductors: The Silicon-Germanium Foundation Era
Makhalidwe: Elemental semiconductors monga silicon (Si) ndi germanium (Ge) amapereka njira zotsika mtengo komanso zokhwima zopangira, komabe amavutika ndi ma bandgap ocheperako (Si: 1.12 eV; Ge: 0.67 eV), kuchepetsa kulekerera kwamagetsi ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba.
Mapulogalamu: Mabwalo ophatikizika, ma cell a solar, low-voltage/low-frequency devices.
Transition Driver: Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri / kutentha kwambiri mu ma optoelectronics kumaposa kuthekera kwa silicon.
Ma Semiconductors a M'badwo Wachiwiri: III-V Compound Revolution
Mawonekedwe: III-V mankhwala monga gallium arsenide (GaAs) ndi indium phosphide (InP) amakhala ndi bandgap okulirapo (GaAs: 1.42 eV) komanso kuyenda kwa electron kwa RF ndi ma photonic applications.
Mapulogalamu: 5G RF zipangizo, laser diode, Kanema kulankhulana.
Zovuta: Kusowa kwazinthu (kuchuluka kwa indium: 0.001%), zinthu zapoizoni (arsenic), komanso ndalama zopangira zambiri.
Transition Driver: Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu / mphamvu kumafuna zida zokhala ndi ma voltages okwera kwambiri.
Ma Semiconductors a M'badwo Wachitatu: Wide Bandgap Energy Revolution
Makhalidwe: Silicon carbide (SiC) ndi gallium nitride (GaN) amapereka bandgap> 3eV (SiC: 3.2eV; GaN: 3.4eV), yokhala ndi matenthedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri.
Mapulogalamu: EV powertrains, PV inverters, 5G zomangamanga.
Ubwino: 50% + kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi 70% kuchepetsa kukula motsutsana ndi silicon.
Transition Driver: AI / quantum computing imafuna zida zokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito kwambiri.
Ma Semiconductors a M'badwo Wachinayi: Ultra-Wide Bandgap Frontier
Mawonekedwe: Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) ndi diamondi (C) amapeza ma bandgap mpaka 4.8eV, kuphatikiza kutsika kwapang'onopang'ono kukana ndi kV-class voltage tolerance.
Mapulogalamu: Ultra-high-voltage ICs, zowunikira zakuya-UV, kulumikizana kwachulukidwe.
Zotsogola: Zida za Ga₂O₃ zimapirira> 8kV, kuchita bwino kwa SiC katatu.
Evolutionary Logic: Kudumpha kwapang'onopang'ono kumafunika kuti mugonjetse malire akuthupi.
I. Fifth-Generation Semiconductor Trends: Quantum Materials & 2D Architectures
Ma vector omwe angathe kukula ndi awa:
1. Topological Insulators: Kuyendetsa pamwamba ndi zotsekera zambiri kumathandizira kuti ziro-kutaya zamagetsi.
2. Zida za 2D: Graphene/MoS₂ imapereka mayankho afupipafupi a THz ndi kusinthasintha kwamagetsi.
3. Madontho a Quantum & Photonic Crystals: Umisiri wa bandgap umathandizira kuphatikiza kwa optoelectronic-thermal.
4. Bio-Semiconductors: DNA/protein-based self-assembling materials bridge biology and electronics.
5. Madalaivala Ofunika: AI, mawonekedwe a ubongo-makompyuta, ndi zofuna za kutentha kwa chipinda chapamwamba.
II. Mwayi wa Semiconductor waku China: Kuchokera Wotsatira mpaka Mtsogoleri
1. Zotsogola Zamakono
• 3rd-Gen: Kupanga kwakukulu kwa magawo a 8-inch SiC; Magalimoto a SiC MOSFET pamagalimoto a BYD
• 4th-Gen: 8-inch Ga₂O₃ epitaxy ya XUPT ndi CETC46
2. Thandizo la Ndondomeko
• Mapulani a 14 azaka zisanu amaika patsogolo 3rd-gen semiconductors
• Ndalama zamafakitale mabiliyoni zana limodzi zakhazikitsidwa
• Zida za Milestones 6-8 inch GaN ndi ma transistors a Ga₂O₃ omwe atchulidwa pakati pa kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo 10 mu 2024
III. Mavuto ndi Njira zothetsera mavuto
1. Technical Bottlenecks
• Kukula kwa Crystal: Zokolola zochepera pa ma boules akulu akulu (monga, Ga₂O₃ kung'amba)
• Miyezo Yodalirika: Kusowa kwa ma protocol okhazikika a mayeso amphamvu kwambiri / okwera pafupipafupi
2. Mipata ya Supply Chain
• Zida: <20% zapakhomo za alimi a SiC crystal
• Kutengera: Kukonda kwa mtsinje kwa zinthu zomwe zatumizidwa kunja
3. Njira Njira
• Kugwirizana kwa Makampani ndi Maphunziro: Kutengera "Third-Gen Semiconductor Alliance"
• Niche Focus: Ikani patsogolo kulumikizana kwachulukidwe / misika yamagetsi atsopano
• Kupititsa patsogolo Maluso: Khazikitsani mapulogalamu a maphunziro a "Chip Science & Engineering".
Kuchokera pa silicon kupita ku Ga₂O₃, chisinthiko cha semiconductor chimalongosola kupambana kwaumunthu pa malire a thupi. Mwayi waku China wagona pakuzindikira zida zamtundu wachinayi pomwe akuchita upainiya wazaka zisanu. Monga momwe Katswiri Wamaphunziro Yang Deren ananenera kuti: “Kupanga zinthu zatsopano kumafuna kupanga njira zosatsatiridwa.” Kugwirizana kwa mfundo, ndalama, ndi ukadaulo zidzatsimikizira tsogolo la China semiconductor.
XKH yatuluka ngati njira yolumikizira yolumikizirana yokhazikika pazida zapamwamba za semiconductor m'mibadwo ingapo yaukadaulo. Pokhala ndi luso loyambira kukula kwa kristalo, kukonza molondola, ndi matekinoloje okutira, XKH imapereka magawo owoneka bwino kwambiri komanso zowotcha za epitaxial zogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zamagetsi zamagetsi, mauthenga a RF, ndi makina optoelectronic. Zachilengedwe zathu zimaphatikizana ndi njira zopangira ma 4-8 inch silicon carbide ndi ma gallium nitride wafer okhala ndi zowongolera zotsogola m'makampani, kwinaku akusunga mapulogalamu a R&D akugwira ntchito pazida zomwe zikubwera kwambiri kuphatikiza gallium oxide ndi diamondi semiconductors. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano waluso ndi mabungwe otsogolera ofufuza ndi opanga zida, XKH yapanga nsanja yosinthika yomwe imatha kuthandizira kupanga zinthu zambiri zokhazikika komanso kukulitsa mwapadera mayankho azinthu zosinthidwa makonda. Ukadaulo waukadaulo wa XKH umayang'ana kwambiri kuthana ndi zovuta zamakampani monga kukonza mawonekedwe ophatikizika amagetsi pazida zamagetsi, kuwongolera kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe mukugwiritsa ntchito ma RF, ndikupanga ma heterostructures azipangizo zam'badwo wotsatira. Pophatikiza sayansi yapamwamba ndi luso laukadaulo, XKH imathandizira makasitomala kuthana ndi zoletsa pakuchita pafupipafupi, zamphamvu kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chilengedwe mopitilira muyeso kwinaku akuthandizira kusintha kwamakampani a semiconductor akunyumba kuti adziyimire pawokha.
Izi ndi XKH's 12inchsapphire wafer & 12inch SiC substrate:
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-06-2025