Chiyambi
Motsogozedwa ndi kupambana kwa ma electronic integrated circuits (EICs), gawo la ma photonic integrated circuits (PICs) lakhala likusintha kuyambira pomwe lidayamba mu 1969. Komabe, mosiyana ndi ma EIC, kupanga nsanja yapadziko lonse lapansi yomwe ingathandize ntchito zosiyanasiyana za photonic kudakali vuto lalikulu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za ukadaulo womwe ukubwera wa Lithium Niobate on Insulator (LNOI), womwe wakhala yankho lodalirika kwa ma PIC a m'badwo wotsatira.
Kukwera kwa Ukadaulo wa LNOI
Lithium niobate (LN) yakhala ikudziwika kuti ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma photonic. Komabe, mphamvu zake zonse zapezeka pokhapokha pakubwera kwa LNOI yopyapyala komanso njira zamakono zopangira zinthu. Ofufuza awonetsa bwino ma waveguides a ridge ridge omwe ali ndi kutayika kochepa komanso ma microresonator a ultra-high-Q pamapulatifomu a LNOI [1], zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu mu ma photonics ophatikizidwa.
Ubwino Waukulu wa Ukadaulo wa LNOI
- Kutayika kwa kuwala kochepa kwambiri(otsika mpaka 0.01 dB/cm)
- Kapangidwe kapamwamba kwambiri ka nanophotonic
- Thandizo la njira zosiyanasiyana zowunikira zopanda mzere
- Kusinthika kwa Integrated electro-optic (EO)
Njira Zopanda Kuwala pa LNOI
Kapangidwe ka nanophotonic kogwira ntchito kwambiri komwe kamapangidwa pa nsanja ya LNOI kumathandiza kukwaniritsa njira zazikulu zowunikira zopanda mzere zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso mphamvu yochepa ya pampu. Njira zomwe zawonetsedwa zikuphatikizapo:
- Kupanga Kwachiwiri kwa Harmonic (SHG)
- Kupanga Ma Frequency Okwanira (SFG)
- Kupanga Ma Frequency Osiyanasiyana (DFG)
- Kutembenuka kwa Parametric Down (PDC)
- Kusakaniza kwa Mafunde Anayi (FWM)
Njira zosiyanasiyana zofananira magawo zakhazikitsidwa kuti zikonze bwino njirazi, zomwe zakhazikitsa LNOI ngati nsanja yowunikira yopanda mzere yosinthasintha kwambiri.
Zipangizo Zogwirizana Zosinthika ndi Magetsi
Ukadaulo wa LNOI wathandizanso kupanga zida zosiyanasiyana zosinthira zithunzi, monga:
- Ma modulators othamanga kwambiri
- Ma PIC ogwirira ntchito zambiri omwe angakonzedwenso
- Zisampha zosinthika pafupipafupi
- Akasupe ang'onoang'ono opangidwa ndi maso
Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za EO za lithiamu niobate kuti zikwaniritse kuwongolera molondola komanso mwachangu kwa zizindikiro za kuwala.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kothandiza kwa LNOI Photonics
Ma PIC ozikidwa pa LNOI tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri zothandiza, kuphatikizapo:
- Zosinthira ma microwave kukhala kuwala
- Zosensa zowunikira
- Ma spectrometer a pa chip
- Zisa za pafupipafupi zowala
- Machitidwe apamwamba olumikizirana ndi mafoni
Mapulogalamuwa akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa LNOI kufanana ndi magwiridwe antchito a zigawo zazikulu za kuwala, pomwe amapereka njira zokulirapo komanso zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri kudzera mu kupanga zithunzi.
Mavuto Amakono ndi Malangizo Amtsogolo
Ngakhale kuti ukadaulo wa LNOI ukupita patsogolo kwambiri, ukukumana ndi zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo:
a) Kuchepetsa Kutayika kwa Mawonekedwe
Kutayika kwa mafunde amagetsi (0.01 dB/cm) kukupitirirabe kukula kuposa malire a kuyamwa kwa zinthu. Kupita patsogolo kwa njira zodulira ma ion ndi nanofabrication kukufunika kuti kuchepetse kuuma kwa pamwamba ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi kuyamwa.
b) Kuwongolera Kwabwino kwa Mafunde a Geometry
Kutsegula ma waveguides a sub-700 nm ndi mipata yolumikizira ya sub-2 μm popanda kuwononga kubwerezabwereza kapena kuwonjezera kutayika kwa kufalikira ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale kuchuluka kwa kuphatikizana.
c) Kupititsa patsogolo Kugwira Ntchito Mogwirizana
Ngakhale kuti ma ulusi ndi ma mode converters ochepetsedwa amathandiza kuti pakhale kulumikizana kwamphamvu, ma anti-reflection coating amatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mawonekedwe a air-material interface.
d) Kupanga Zigawo Zoponderana Zochepa
Zipangizo zowunikira zomwe sizikhudzidwa ndi polarization pa LNOI ndizofunikira kwambiri, zimafuna zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi magwiridwe antchito a ma free-space polarizers.
e) Kuphatikiza kwa Zida Zamagetsi Zowongolera
Kuphatikiza bwino zamagetsi akuluakulu owongolera popanda kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a kuwala ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yofufuzira.
f) Advanced Phase Matching and Dispersion Engineering
Kupanga mawonekedwe odalirika a domain pa sub-micron resolution ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ma optics osakhala a linear koma ukadaulo wosakhwima pa nsanja ya LNOI udakalipo.
g) Kulipira Zolakwika Zopangidwa
Njira zochepetsera kusintha kwa magawo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe kapena kusiyanasiyana kwa kapangidwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuyika zinthu zenizeni.
h) Kulumikiza Ma Chip Ambiri Mogwira Mtima
Kuthana ndi kulumikizana koyenera pakati pa ma chips angapo a LNOI ndikofunikira kuti kupitirire malire ophatikizana a single-wafer.
Kuphatikiza Monolithic kwa Zigawo Zogwira Ntchito ndi Zosagwira Ntchito
Vuto lalikulu la LNOI PICs ndi kuphatikiza kotsika mtengo kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito komanso zosagwira ntchito monga:
- Ma laser
- Zipangizo zoyesera
- Zosinthira mafunde zosalunjika
- Ma modulators
- Ma Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Njira zomwe zilipo pano zikuphatikizapo:
a) Kuchepetsa ma ion a LNOI:
Kusankha ma ayoni ogwira ntchito m'malo osankhidwa kungayambitse magwero a kuwala omwe ali pa chip.
b) Kugwirizana ndi Kuphatikizana Kosiyanasiyana:
Kulumikiza ma LNOI PICs opangidwa kale ndi zigawo za LNOI kapena ma laser a III-V kumapereka njira ina.
c) Kupanga kwa Hybrid Active/Passive LNOI Wafer:
Njira yatsopano imaphatikizapo kulumikiza ma wafer a LN opangidwa ndi doped ndi osasunthika musanadule ma ion, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma wafer a LNOI akhale ndi malo ogwirira ntchito komanso osasunthika.
Chithunzi 1ikuwonetsa lingaliro la ma PIC osakanikirana ogwirizana/osachita zinthu, komwe njira imodzi yojambulira imalola kulumikizana bwino ndi kuphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri ya zigawo.
Kuphatikiza kwa Photodetectors
Kuphatikiza ma photodetector mu ma PIC okhala ndi LNOI ndi sitepe ina yofunika kwambiri kuti machitidwe azigwira ntchito bwino. Njira ziwiri zazikulu zikufufuzidwa:
a) Kuphatikizana Kosiyanasiyana:
Ma semiconductor nanostructures amatha kulumikizidwa kwakanthawi ndi ma LNOI waveguides. Komabe, kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito komanso kukula kwake kukufunikabe.
b) Kusintha kwa Utali wa Mafunde Osalunjika:
Kapangidwe ka LN kosakhala kolunjika kamalola kusintha kwa ma frequency mkati mwa ma waveguides, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito ma silicon photodetectors okhazikika mosasamala kanthu za kutalika kwa mafunde komwe kumagwira ntchito.
Mapeto
Kupita patsogolo mwachangu kwa ukadaulo wa LNOI kukubweretsa makampaniwa pafupi ndi nsanja ya PIC yapadziko lonse yomwe ingathe kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mwa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe alipo ndikupititsa patsogolo zatsopano mu kuphatikiza kwa monolithic ndi detector, ma PIC ozikidwa pa LNOI ali ndi kuthekera kosintha magawo monga kulumikizana kwa telefoni, chidziwitso cha quantum, ndi kuzindikira.
LNOI ili ndi lonjezo lokwaniritsa masomphenya akale a ma PIC omwe angathe kukulitsidwa, mogwirizana ndi kupambana ndi zotsatira za ma EIC. Kupitilizabe kwa ntchito za R&D—monga zomwe zachokera ku Nanjing Photonics Process Platform ndi XiaoyaoTech Design Platform—kudzakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakupanga tsogolo la ma photonics ophatikizidwa ndikutsegula mwayi watsopano m'magawo osiyanasiyana aukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-18-2025