Mawu Oyamba
Kulimbikitsidwa ndi kupambana kwa ma circuits integrated circuits (EICs), gawo la photonic Integrated circuits (PICs) lakhala likusintha kuyambira pachiyambi mu 1969. Komabe, mosiyana ndi EICs, chitukuko cha nsanja yapadziko lonse yomwe ingathe kuthandizira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma photonic imakhalabe vuto lalikulu. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana ukadaulo wa Lithium Niobate pa Insulator (LNOI), womwe udakhala yankho lodalirika la ma PIC a m'badwo wotsatira.
Kukula kwa LNOI Technology
Lithium niobate (LN) yadziwika kale ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi. Komabe, pakungobwera filimu yopyapyala ya LNOI komanso njira zopangira zotsogola zomwe zimatha kutsegulidwa. Ofufuza awonetsa bwino ma waveguide otsika kwambiri otsika kwambiri komanso ma ultra-high-Q ma microresonators pa nsanja za LNOI [1], zomwe zikuwonetsa kudumpha kwakukulu muzojambula zophatikizika.
Ubwino waukulu wa LNOI Technology
- Ultra-otsika kuwala kutayika(otsika mpaka 0.01 dB/cm)
- Mapangidwe apamwamba a nanophotonic
- Thandizo la njira zosiyanasiyana zowoneka bwino
- Kuphatikiza kwa electro-optic (EO) tunability
Njira Zopanda Zowonera pa LNOI
Mapangidwe apamwamba a nanophotonic opangidwa pa nsanja ya LNOI amathandizira kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zazikulu zopanda mawonekedwe zowoneka bwino bwino komanso mphamvu zochepa zapampu. Njira zowonetsera zikuphatikizapo:
- Second Harmonic Generation (SHG)
- Sum Frequency Generation (SFG)
- Difference Frequency Generation (DFG)
- Parametric Down-Conversion (PDC)
- Kusakaniza kwa Four-Wave (FWM)
Njira zosiyanasiyana zofananira magawo zakhazikitsidwa kuti ziwongolere izi, ndikukhazikitsa LNOI ngati nsanja yosunthika yopanda mzere.
Ma Electro-Optically Tunable Integrated Devices
Ukadaulo wa LNOI wathandizanso kupanga zida zamitundumitundu zogwira ntchito komanso zowoneka bwino, monga:
- High-speed optical modulators
- Reconfigurable multifunctional PICs
- Tuble pafupipafupi zisa
- Makasupe a Micro-optomechanical
Zipangizozi zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za EO za lithiamu niobate kuti zitheke kuwongolera mwachangu, kuwongolera ma siginecha a kuwala.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito kwa LNOI Photonics
Ma PIC ozikidwa pa LNOI tsopano akulandiridwa mu kuchuluka kwa ntchito zothandiza, kuphatikiza:
- Microwave-to-optical converters
- Optical masensa
- Pa-chip spectrometers
- Optical pafupipafupi zisa
- Machitidwe apamwamba a telecommunication
Mapulogalamuwa akuwonetsa kuthekera kwa LNOI kuti ifanane ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zazikulu-optic, pomwe akupereka mayankho owopsa, osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kudzera mukupanga zithunzi.
Mavuto Amakono ndi Mayendedwe Amtsogolo
Ngakhale ikupita patsogolo, ukadaulo wa LNOI ukukumana ndi zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo:
a) Kupititsa patsogolo Kuchepetsa Kutayika Kwamawonekedwe
Kutayika kwaposachedwa kwa waveguide (0.01 dB/cm) akadali dongosolo la kukula kwake kuposa malire a mayamwidwe azinthu. Kupita patsogolo kwa njira zopangira ion-slicing ndi nanofabrication ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuuma kwapamtunda ndi zolakwika zokhudzana ndi kuyamwa.
b) Kuwongolera kwa Geometry kwa Waveguide
Kuthandizira ma sub-700 nm waveguides ndi sub-2 μm kuphatikiza mipata popanda kupereka nsembe kubwerezabwereza kapena kuchulukitsa kutayika kwa kufalitsa ndikofunikira pakuphatikizana kwakukulu.
c) Kupititsa patsogolo Kulumikizana Mwachangu
Ngakhale ma fiber opangidwa ndi ma tapered ndi ma mode converter amathandizira kuti azitha kulumikizana bwino, zokutira zotsutsana ndi zowoneka bwino zimatha kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a mpweya.
d) Kupanga Zinthu Zochepa Zotayika Polarization
Zipangizo zojambulidwa ndi polarization-insensitive photonic pa LNOI ndizofunikira, zimafuna zigawo zomwe zimagwirizana ndi machitidwe a polarizers omasuka.
e) Kuphatikiza kwa Control Electronics
Kuphatikizira bwino zamagetsi zowongolera zazikulu popanda kunyozetsa magwiridwe antchito ndi njira yayikulu yofufuzira.
f) Advanced Phase Matching and Dispersion Engineering
Mawonekedwe odalirika amtundu wa sub-micron ndi ofunikira kwa optics osagwirizana koma amakhalabe ukadaulo wachinyamata papulatifomu ya LNOI.
g) Malipiro a Zowonongeka Zopanga
Njira zochepetsera kusintha kwa magawo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe kapena kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu zopanga ndi zofunika pakutumizidwa kudziko lenileni.
h) Kuphatikiza kwa Multi-Chip Moyenera
Kulankhulana bwino pakati pa tchipisi tambiri za LNOI ndikofunikira kuti tipitirire malire ophatikizika a wafer imodzi.
Kuphatikiza kwa Monolithic kwa Zinthu Zogwira Ntchito komanso Zosasunthika
Chovuta chachikulu pa ma LNOI PIC ndi kuphatikiza kopanda mtengo kwa monolithic kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito komanso zopanda pake monga:
- Ma laser
- Zodziwira
- Nonlinear wavelength converters
- Ma modulators
- Multiplexers/Demultiplexers
Njira zamakono zikuphatikizapo:
a) Ion Doping ya LNOI:
Kusankha doping ya ma ion yogwira m'magawo osankhidwa kumatha kubweretsa magwero a kuwala kwa pa-chip.
b) Kulumikizana ndi Kuphatikizika Kosiyanasiyana:
Kumangirira ma LNOI PIC omwe adapangidwa kale okhala ndi zigawo za LNOI kapena ma laser a III-V amapereka njira ina.
c) Zophatikizika Zophatikizika / Zosasunthika za LNOI Wafer Fabrication:
Njira yatsopanoyi imaphatikizira kumangirira zowotcha za LN zopindika komanso zosasunthika musanadulire ma ion, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zophika za LNOI zikhale ndi zigawo zonse zogwira ntchito komanso zongokhala.
Chithunzi 1akuwonetsa lingaliro la hybrid Integrated active/passive PICs, pomwe njira imodzi ya lithographic imathandizira kulumikizana kosasunthika ndikuphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiri yazigawo.
Kuphatikiza kwa Photodetectors
Kuphatikiza ma photodetectors mu LNOI-based PICs ndi sitepe ina yofunika kwambiri kuti igwire ntchito mokwanira. Njira ziwiri zoyambirira zikufufuzidwa:
a) Kuphatikiza kosiyanasiyana:
Ma semiconductor nanostructures amatha kuphatikizidwa kwakanthawi ndi ma waveguide a LNOI. Komabe, kuwongolera pakuzindikira bwino komanso kuwongolera kumafunikabe.
b) Kutembenuka kwa Wavelength kwa Nonlinear:
Zinthu zopanda mzere za LN zimalola kutembenuka kwafupipafupi mkati mwa ma waveguide, zomwe zimathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito ma silicon photodetectors wamba mosasamala kanthu za kutalika kwa mawonekedwe.
Mapeto
Kupita patsogolo kofulumira kwaukadaulo wa LNOI kumabweretsa bizinesi kufupi ndi nsanja yapadziko lonse ya PIC yomwe imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Pothana ndi zovuta zomwe zilipo ndikukankhira patsogolo luso la kuphatikiza kwa monolithic ndi detector, ma PIC opangidwa ndi LNOI ali ndi kuthekera kosintha magawo monga ma telecommunications, quantum information, and sensing.
LNOI ili ndi lonjezo lokwaniritsa masomphenya a nthawi yayitali a ma PIC owopsa, ofananira ndi kupambana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa ma EIC. Kupitiliza kuyesayesa kwa R&D-monga ku Nanjing Photonics Process Platform ndi XiaoyaoTech Design Platform-zikhala zofunikira kwambiri pakukonza tsogolo lazithunzithunzi zophatikizika ndikutsegula mwayi watsopano m'madomeni onse aukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-18-2025