Lachitatu, Purezidenti Biden adalengeza mgwirizano wopatsa Intel ndalama zokwana $8.5 biliyoni ndi ngongole zokwana $11 biliyoni motsatira CHIPS and Science Act. Intel idzagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi pamakampani ake opanga zinthu ku Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, ndi Oregon. Monga momwe zanenedwera mu nkhani yathu ya Disembala 2023, CHIPS Act imapereka ndalama zokwana $52.7 biliyoni zothandizira makampani opanga zinthu za semiconductor aku US, kuphatikiza $39 biliyoni zolimbikitsira kupanga. Intel isanapereke ndalamazi, CHIPS Act inali itapereka kale ndalama zokwana $1.7 biliyoni ku GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, ndi BAE Systems, malinga ndi Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Kupita patsogolo kwa ndalama motsatira CHIPS Act kwakhala kochedwa, ndipo gawo loyamba la ndalamazo lalengezedwa patatha chaka chimodzi kuchokera pamene laperekedwa. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ndalama, mapulojekiti ena akuluakulu opanga zinthu za semiconductor ku United States achedwa. TSMC idawonanso zovuta kupeza ogwira ntchito zomangamanga oyenerera. Intel idati kuchedwaku kudachitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa malonda.
Mayiko ena nawonso apereka ndalama zothandizira kupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor. Mu Seputembala 2023, European Union idapereka European Chips Act, yomwe imafotokoza €430 biliyoni (pafupifupi $470 biliyoni) mu ndalama za boma ndi zachinsinsi zamakampani opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor. Mu Novembala 2023, Japan idapereka ¥2 thililiyoni (pafupifupi $13 biliyoni) pakupanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor. Taiwan idakhazikitsa lamulo mu Januwale 2024 kuti lipereke zolimbikitsa msonkho kwa makampani opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor. Mu Marichi 2023, South Korea idapereka lamulo lopereka zolimbikitsa msonkho kwa ukadaulo wamakono, kuphatikiza ma semiconductor. China ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa thumba lothandizidwa ndi boma la $40 biliyoni kuti lithandizire makampani ake opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi ma semiconductor.
Kodi pali chiyembekezo chotani cha ndalama zogulira zinthu za semiconductor industry (CapEx) chaka chino? CHIPS Act cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa ndalama zogulira zinthu, koma zambiri mwa izi sizidzaonekera mpaka chaka cha 2024 chitadutsa. Chaka chatha, msika wa semiconductor unatsika ndi 8.2% momvetsa chisoni, zomwe zinapangitsa makampani ambiri kuyamba njira yosamala yogulira zinthu za semiconductor mu 2024. Tikuyerekeza kuti CapEx yonse ya semiconductor mu 2023 inali $169 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa 7% kuchokera mu 2022. Tikulosera kuti CapEx idzatsika ndi 2% mu 2024.
Ndi kuchira kwa msika wa kukumbukira zinthu komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa mapulogalamu atsopano monga luntha lochita kupanga, makampani akuluakulu okumbukira zinthu akuyembekezeka kuwonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2024. Samsung ikukonzekera kusunga ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2024 pa $37 biliyoni koma sinachepetse ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2023. Micron Technology ndi SK Hynix zinachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2023 ndipo zikukonzekera kukula kwa manambala awiri mu 2024.
Kampani yayikulu kwambiri yopanga zitsulo, TSMC, ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zokwana $28 biliyoni mpaka $32 biliyoni mu 2024, ndi ndalama zapakati pa $30 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa 6% kuchokera mu 2023. SMIC ikukonzekera kusunga ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana, pomwe UMC ikukonzekera kukwera ndi 10%. GlobalFoundries ikuyembekeza kuchepetsedwa kwa 61% kwa ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo mu 2024 koma idzawonjezera ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi pomanga nyumba yatsopano ku Malta, New York.
Pakati pa Opanga Zipangizo Zogwirizana (IDMs), Intel ikukonzekera kuwonjezera ndalama zogulira ndi 2% mu 2024 kufika pa $26.2 biliyoni. Intel idzawonjezera mphamvu kwa makasitomala onse opanga zinthu zopangira zitsulo komanso zinthu zamkati. Ndalama zogulira za Texas Instruments zikadali zosasinthasintha. TI ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi $5 biliyoni pachaka mpaka 2026, makamaka chifukwa cha luso lake latsopano ku Sherman, Texas. STMicroelectronics idzachepetsa ndalama zogulira ndi 39%, pomwe Infineon Technologies idzachepetsa ndi 3%.
Samsung, TSMC, ndi Intel, makampani atatu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri magetsi, akuyembekezeka kuti azilipira 57% ya ndalama zomwe makampani opanga magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito pofika chaka cha 2024.
Kodi ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga magetsi ndi ziti? Kusakhazikika kwa msika wamagetsi opanga magetsi ndi kodziwika bwino. M'zaka 40 zapitazi, kukula kwa msika wamagetsi kwatsika kuchoka pa 46% mu 1984 kufika pa 32% mu 2001. Ngakhale kusakhazikika kwa makampaniwa kwatsika ndikukula, kukula kwake kwafika pa 26% m'zaka zisanu zapitazi. Kwatsika ndi 12% mu 2021 ndi 12% mu 2019. Makampani opanga magetsi ayenera kukonzekera mphamvu zawo zazaka zikubwerazi. Kupanga zinthu zatsopano nthawi zambiri kumatenga zaka ziwiri, ndipo nthawi yowonjezera imafunika kukonzekera ndi kulipira ndalama. Zotsatira zake, gawo la ndalama zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga magetsi zimasiyana kwambiri, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pansipa.
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Chiŵerengero cha ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa semiconductor capital ndi kukula kwa msika chayambira pa 34% kufika pa 12%. Chiŵerengero chapakati cha zaka zisanu chikugwa pakati pa 28% ndi 18%. Kwa nthawi yonse kuyambira 1980 mpaka 2023, ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa semiconductor capital zakhala zikuyimira 23% ya msika wa semiconductor. Ngakhale kusinthasintha, zomwe zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali pa chiŵerengerochi zikupitirirabe kukhala zofanana. Kutengera kukula kwamphamvu kwa msika komwe kukuyembekezeka komanso kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa semiconductor capital, tikuyembekeza kuti chiŵerengerochi chidzatsika kuchoka pa 32% mu 2023 kufika pa 27% mu 2024.
Maulosi ambiri amalosera kukula kwa msika wa semiconductor pakati pa 13% mpaka 20% mu 2024. Luntha lathu la semiconductor limalosera kukula kwa 18%. Ngati 2024 ichita bwino kwambiri monga momwe imayembekezera, makampani akhoza kuwonjezera mapulani awo ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama pakapita nthawi. Titha kuyembekezera kuwona kusintha kwabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za semiconductor mu 2024.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-08-2024