Lachitatu, Purezidenti Biden adalengeza mgwirizano wopatsa Intel ndalama zokwana $ 8.5 biliyoni ndi ngongole za $ 11 biliyoni pansi pa CHIPS ndi Science Act. Intel idzagwiritsa ntchito ndalamazi pazovala zake zophika mkate ku Arizona, Ohio, New Mexico, ndi Oregon. Monga tafotokozera m'makalata athu a Disembala 2023, CHIPS Act imapereka ndalama zokwana $52.7 biliyoni zandalama zamakampani aku US semiconductor, kuphatikiza $39 biliyoni pakulimbikitsira kupanga. Intel isanagawidwe, bungwe la CHIPS Act linali litapereka kale ndalama zokwana $1.7 biliyoni ku GlobalFoundries, Microchip Technology, ndi BAE Systems, malinga ndi Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA).
Kupita patsogolo kwandalama pansi pa CHIPS Act kwakhala kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo gawo loyamba lidalengezedwa patatha chaka chitatha. Chifukwa cha kubweza pang'onopang'ono, mapulojekiti ena akuluakulu a semiconductor ku United States achedwa. TSMC idawonanso zovuta kupeza ogwira ntchito yomanga oyenerera. Intel adanena kuti kuchedwako kwachititsa kuti kuchedwetsa kugulitsidwe.
Mayiko ena aperekanso ndalama zolimbikitsa kupanga ma semiconductor. Mu Seputembala 2023, European Union idapereka lamulo la European Chips Act, lomwe limanena kuti € 430 biliyoni (pafupifupi $470 biliyoni) pakuyika ndalama zaboma komanso zapadera pamakampani opanga ma semiconductor. Mu Novembala 2023, Japan idapereka ¥ 2 thililiyoni (pafupifupi $ 13 biliyoni) popanga semiconductor. Dziko la Taiwan lidakhazikitsa lamulo mu Januware 2024 kuti lipereke chilimbikitso chamisonkho kumakampani opanga ma semiconductor. Mu Marichi 2023, South Korea idapereka lamulo loti lipereke chilimbikitso chamisonkho paukadaulo wamaukadaulo, kuphatikiza ma semiconductors. China ikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsa thumba la $ 40 biliyoni lothandizidwa ndi boma kuti lithandizire makampani ake a semiconductor.
Kodi ziyembekezo zotani pamakampani a semiconductor capital expenditure (CapEx) chaka chino? Bungwe la CHIPS Act likufuna kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, koma zotsatira zake sizidzawonekera mpaka pambuyo pa 2024. Chaka chatha, msika wa semiconductor unatsika mokhumudwitsa ndi 8.2%, zomwe zinachititsa makampani ambiri kukhala osamala pogwiritsira ntchito ndalama mu 2024. Tikuyerekeza. kuti CapEx yonse ya semiconductor mu 2023 inali $169 biliyoni, kuchepa kwa 7% kuchokera 2022. Tikuneneratu kutsika kwa 2% kwa CapEx mu 2024.
Ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa msika wa kukumbukira komanso kuwonjezeka koyembekezeka kwa kufunikira kuchokera ku mapulogalamu atsopano monga nzeru zopanga, makampani akuluakulu okumbukira akuyembekezeka kuonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2024. Samsung ikukonzekera kusunga ndalama zowonongeka mu 2024 pa $ 37 biliyoni koma sizinadule ndalama. ndalama mu 2023. Micron Technology ndi SK Hynix zidachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2023 ndikukonzekera kukula kwa manambala awiri 2024.
The foundry lalikulu, TSMC, akufuna kuwononga pafupifupi $28 biliyoni kuti $32 biliyoni mu 2024, ndi wapakatikati $30 biliyoni, 6% kuchepa kuchokera 2023. SMIC ikukonzekera kukhalabe likulu ndalama lathyathyathya, pamene UMC ikukonzekera kuonjezera ndi 10%. GlobalFoundries ikuyembekeza kuchepetsedwa kwa 61% kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu 2024 koma zidzawonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazaka zingapo zikubwerazi pomanga nsalu yatsopano ku Malta, New York.
Pakati pa Integrated Device Manufacturers (IDMs), Intel ikukonzekera kuonjezera ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 2% mu 2024 mpaka $ 26.2 biliyoni. Intel idzawonjezera mphamvu kwa makasitomala oyambira komanso zinthu zamkati. Texas Instruments 'capital expenditure imakhalabe yotsika. TI ikukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi $ 5 biliyoni pachaka mpaka 2026, makamaka pazovala zake zatsopano ku Sherman, Texas. STMicroelectronics idzachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama ndi 39%, pamene Infineon Technologies idzachepetsa ndi 3%.
Samsung, TSMC, ndi Intel, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri kwambiri, akuyembekezeka kuwerengera 57% ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani a semiconductor pofika 2024.
Kodi mulingo woyenera wa ndalama zogulira ndalama ndi uti poyerekeza ndi msika wa semiconductor? Kusakhazikika kwa msika wa semiconductor kumadziwika bwino. Pazaka zapitazi za 40, chiwerengero cha kukula kwa chaka chatsika kuchokera ku 46% mu 1984 kufika 32% mu 2001. Ngakhale kuti kusakhazikika kwa makampaniwa kunachepa ndi kukhwima, kukula kwake kunafika 26% pazaka zisanu zapitazi. Inatsika ndi 12% mu 2021 ndi 12% mu 2019. Makampani a Semiconductor ayenera kukonzekera mphamvu zawo zaka zikubwerazi. Kupanga nsalu yatsopano kumatenga pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, ndi nthawi yowonjezereka yofunikira pokonzekera ndi kupereka ndalama. Zotsatira zake, gawo la ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito semiconductor pamsika wa semiconductor zimasiyana kwambiri, monga zikuwonekera pansipa.
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Chiŵerengero cha ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito semiconductor ku kukula kwa msika zachokera pa 34% kufika pa 12 peresenti. Chiyerekezo cha zaka zisanu chimagwera pakati pa 28% ndi 18%. Pa nthawi yonseyi kuyambira 1980 mpaka 2023, ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito ndalama zakhala 23% ya msika wa semiconductor. Ngakhale kuti pali kusinthasintha, zomwe zikuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali za chiŵerengerochi zimakhalabe zofanana. Kutengera kukula kwa msika komwe kukuyembekezeka komanso kuchepa kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazachuma, tikuyembekeza kuti chiŵerengerochi chidzatsika kuchoka pa 32% mu 2023 kufika pa 27% mu 2024.
Zolosera zambiri zimaneneratu kukula kwa msika wa semiconductor mu 13% mpaka 20% ya 2024. Intelligence yathu ya semiconductor intelligence imaneneratu kukula kwa 18%. Ngati 2024 ichita mwamphamvu momwe amayembekezeredwa, makampani atha kuwonjezera mapulani awo ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama pakapita nthawi. Titha kuyembekezera kuwona kusintha kwabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito ndalama za semiconductor mu 2024.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-08-2024